Invention and modification of a new tool use behavior: ant-fishing in trees by a wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) at Bossou, Guinea

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 699-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Yamamoto ◽  
Gen Yamakoshi ◽  
Tatyana Humle ◽  
Tetsuro Matsuzawa
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Wild Chimpanzee ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Use Behavior

scholarly journals Sex Bias and Social Influences on Savanna Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) Nest Building Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona A. Stewart ◽  
Jill D. Pruetz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Extractive Foraging ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Adult Females

AbstractMany primates show sex differences in behavior, particularly social behavior, but also tool use for extractive foraging. All great apes learn to build a supportive structure for sleep. Whether sex differences exist in building, as in extractive foraging, is unknown, and little is known about how building skills develop and vary between individuals in the wild. We therefore aimed to describe the nesting behavior of savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Fongoli, Senegal to provide comparative data and to investigate possible sex or age differences in nest building behaviors and nest characteristics. We followed chimpanzee groups to their night nesting sites to record group (55 nights) and individual level data (17 individuals) on nest building initiation and duration (57 nests) during the dry season between October 2007 and March 2008. We returned the following morning to record nest and tree characteristics (71 nests built by 25 individuals). Fongoli chimpanzees nested later than reported for other great apes, but no sex differences in initiating building emerged. Observations were limited but suggest adult females and immature males to nest higher, in larger trees than adult males, and adult females to take longer to build than either adult or immature males. Smaller females and immature males may avoid predation or access thinner, malleable branches, by nesting higher than adult males. These differences suggest that sex differences described for chimpanzee tool use may extend to nest building, with females investing more time and effort in constructing a safe, warm structure for sleep than males do.

scholarly journals Factors influencing wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) relative abundance in an agriculture-swamp matrix outside protected areas

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e0215545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Garriga ◽  
Ignasi Marco ◽  
Encarna Casas-Díaz ◽  
Pelayo Acevedo ◽  
Bala Amarasekaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Wild Chimpanzee ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Factors Influencing

Case report on the death of a wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus)

Primates ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuro Matsuzawa ◽  
Osamu Sakura ◽  
Tasuku Kimura ◽  
Yuzuru Hamada ◽  
Yukimaru Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Wild Chimpanzee ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus

scholarly journals Environmental variability supports chimpanzee behavioural diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammie K. Kalan ◽  
Lars Kulik ◽  
Mimi Arandjelovic ◽  
Christophe Boesch ◽  
Fabian Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Wild Chimpanzee ◽  
Behavioural Flexibility ◽  
Evolutionary Force ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Behavioural Diversity

Abstract Large brains and behavioural innovation are positively correlated, species-specific traits, associated with the behavioural flexibility animals need for adapting to seasonal and unpredictable habitats. Similar ecological challenges would have been important drivers throughout human evolution. However, studies examining the influence of environmental variability on within-species behavioural diversity are lacking despite the critical assumption that population diversification precedes genetic divergence and speciation. Here, using a dataset of 144 wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) communities, we show that chimpanzees exhibit greater behavioural diversity in environments with more variability — in both recent and historical timescales. Notably, distance from Pleistocene forest refugia is associated with the presence of a larger number of behavioural traits, including both tool and non-tool use behaviours. Since more than half of the behaviours investigated are also likely to be cultural, we suggest that environmental variability was a critical evolutionary force promoting the behavioural, as well as cultural diversification of great apes.

scholarly journals Landscaping the behavioural ecology of primate stone tool use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Almeida-Warren ◽  
Tetsuro Matsuzawa ◽  
Susana Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Site Formation ◽  
Behavioural Ecology ◽  
Wild Chimpanzee ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Nut Cracking

AbstractEcology is fundamental to the development, transmission, and perpetuity of primate technology. Previous studies on tool site selection have addressed the relevance of targeted resources and raw materials for tools, but few have considered the broader foraging landscape. In this first landscape-scale study of the ecological contexts of wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) tool-use, we investigate the conditions required for nut-cracking to occur and persist over time at discrete locations in Bossou (Guinea). We examine this at three levels: selection, frequency of use, and inactivity. We find that, further to the presence of a nut tree and availability of raw materials, abundance of food-providing trees as well as proximity to nest sites were significant predictors of nut-cracking occurrence. This suggests that the spatial distribution of nut-cracking sites is mediated by the broader behavioural landscape and is influenced by non-extractive foraging of predictable resources, as well as non-foraging activities. Additionally, tool availability was greater at sites with higher frequency of nut-cracking and was negatively correlated with site inactivity. Our findings indicate that the technological landscape of the Bossou chimpanzees shares affinities with the ‘favoured places’ model of hominin site formation and provides new insights for reconstructing ancient patterns of landscape use.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Characterization of Intestinal and Blood Parasites in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Senegal

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3291
Author(s):  
Pamela C. Köster ◽  
Justinn Renelies-Hamilton ◽  
Laia Dotras ◽  
Manuel Llana ◽  
Celia Vinagre-Izquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Wild Chimpanzee ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens ◽  
Protist Species

Wild chimpanzee populations in West Africa (Pan troglodytes verus) have dramatically decreased as a direct consequence of anthropogenic activities and infectious diseases. Little information is currently available on the epidemiology, pathogenic significance, and zoonotic potential of protist species in wild chimpanzees. This study investigates the occurrence and genetic diversity of intestinal and blood protists as well as filariae in faecal samples (n = 234) from wild chimpanzees in the Dindefelo Community Nature Reserve, Senegal. PCR-based results revealed the presence of intestinal potential pathogens (Sarcocystis spp.: 11.5%; Giardia duodenalis: 2.1%; Cryptosporidium hominis: 0.9%), protist of uncertain pathogenicity (Blastocystis sp.: 5.6%), and commensal species (Entamoeba dispar: 18.4%; Troglodytella abrassarti: 5.6%). Entamoeba histolytica, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Balantioides coli were undetected. Blood protists including Plasmodium malariae (0.4%), Trypanosoma brucei (1.3%), and Mansonella perstans (9.8%) were also identified. Sanger sequencing analyses revealed host-adapted genetic variants within Blastocystis, but other parasitic pathogens (C. hominis, P. malariae, T. brucei, M. perstans) have zoonotic potential, suggesting that cross-species transmission between wild chimpanzees and humans is possible in areas where both species overlap. Additionally, we explored potential interactions between intestinal/blood protist species and seasonality and climate variables. Chimpanzees seem to play a more complex role on the epidemiology of pathogenic and commensal protist and nematode species than initially anticipated.

Feeding in fear? How adult male western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) adjust to predation and savanna habitat pressures

2017 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Lindshield ◽  
Brent J. Danielson ◽  
Jessica M. Rothman ◽  
Jill D. Pruetz
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus
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