Mutational changes in S-cone opsin genes common to both nocturnal and cathemeralAotus monkeys

2007 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Levenson ◽  
Eduardo Fernandez-duque ◽  
Sian Evans ◽  
Gerald H. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Cone Opsin ◽  
Opsin Genes

A Novel Missense Mutation in Both OPN1LW and OPN1MW Cone Opsin Genes Causes X-Linked Cone Dystrophy (XLCOD5)

2011 ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica C. Gardner ◽  
Tom R. Webb ◽  
Naheed Kanuga ◽  
Anthony G. Robson ◽  
Graham E. Holder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Missense Mutation ◽  
Cone Dystrophy ◽  
Cone Opsin ◽  
Opsin Genes

Three cone opsin genes and cone cell arrangement in retina of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeko MIYAZAKI ◽  
Jun KOHBARA ◽  
Kenji TAKII ◽  
Yasunori ISHIBASHI ◽  
Hidemi KUMAI
Keyword(s):  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Pacific Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Thunnus Orientalis ◽  
Cone Cell ◽  
Cone Opsin ◽  
Cell Arrangement ◽  
Opsin Genes

scholarly journals Neoteny in visual system development of the spotted unicornfish, Naso brevirostris (Acanthuridae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Tettamanti ◽  
Fanny de Busserolles ◽  
David Lecchini ◽  
Justin Marshall ◽  
Fabio Cortesi
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Cone Opsin ◽  
Opsin Genes ◽  
Visual System Development

AbstractOntogenetic changes of the visual system are often correlated to shifts in habitat and feeding behaviour of animals. Coral reef fishes begin their lives in the pelagic zone and then migrate to the reef. This transition of habitat frequently involves a change in diet and light environment as well as major morphological modifications. The spotted unicornfish, Naso brevirostris, is known to shift diet from zooplankton to algae and back to zooplankton when transitioning from larval to juvenile and then to adult stages. Concurrently, N. brevirostris also moves from an open pelagic to a coral-associated habitat before migrating up in the water column when reaching adulthood. Using retinal mapping techniques, we discovered that the distribution and density of ganglion and photoreceptor cells in N. brevirostris do not change with the habitat or the feeding habits of each developmental stage. Instead, fishes showed a neotenic development with a slight change from larval to juvenile stages and not many modifications thereafter. Visual gene expression based on RNA sequencing mirrored this pattern; independent of stage, fishes mainly expressed three cone opsin genes (SWS2B, RH2B, RH2A), with a quantitative difference in the expression of the green opsin genes (RH2A and RH2B) when transitioning from larvae to juveniles. Hence, contrary to the ontogenetic changes found in many animals, the visual system is fixed early on in N. brevirostris development calling for a thorough analysis of visual system development of the reef fish community.

scholarly journals Adaptive evolution of cone opsin genes in two colorful cyprinids, Opsariichthys pachycephalus and Candidia barbatus

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (16) ◽  
pp. 1695-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yu Wang ◽  
Wen Sung Chung ◽  
Hong Young Yan ◽  
Chyng Shyan Tzeng
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Cone Opsin ◽  
Opsin Genes

scholarly journals Six6 and Six7 coordinately regulate expression of middle-wavelength opsins in zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 4651-4660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohey Ogawa ◽  
Tomoya Shiraki ◽  
Yoshimasa Asano ◽  
Akira Muto ◽  
Koichi Kawakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Color Discrimination ◽  
Opsin Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Chip Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Cone Opsin ◽  
Opsin Genes ◽  
Cone Opsins

Color discrimination in the vertebrate retina is mediated by a combination of spectrally distinct cone photoreceptors, each expressing one of multiple cone opsins. The opsin genes diverged early in vertebrate evolution into four classes maximally sensitive to varying wavelengths of light: UV (SWS1), blue (SWS2), green (RH2), and red (LWS) opsins. Although the tetrachromatic cone system is retained in most nonmammalian vertebrate lineages, the transcriptional mechanism underlying gene expression of the cone opsins remains elusive, particularly for SWS2 and RH2 opsins, both of which have been lost in the mammalian lineage. In zebrafish, which have all four cone subtypes,rh2opsin gene expression depends on a homeobox transcription factor,sine oculishomeobox 7 (Six7). However, thesix7gene is found only in the ray-finned fish lineage, suggesting the existence of another evolutionarily conserved transcriptional factor(s) controllingrh2opsin expression in vertebrates. Here, we found that the reducedrh2expression caused bysix7deficiency was rescued by forced expression ofsix6b, which is asix7-related transcription factor conserved widely among vertebrates. The compensatory role ofsix6bwas reinforced by ChIP-sequencing analysis, which revealed a similar pattern of Six6b- and Six7-binding sites within and near the cone opsin genes. TAL effector nuclease-induced genetic ablation ofsix6bandsix7revealed that they coordinately regulate SWS2 opsin gene expression. Mutant larvae deficient for these transcription factors showed severely impaired visually driven foraging behavior. These results demonstrate that in zebrafish,six6bandsix7govern expression of the SWS2 and RH2 opsins responsible for middle-wavelength sensitivity, which would be physiologically important for daylight vision.

scholarly journals Homeobox transcription factor Six7 governs expression of green opsin genes in zebrafish

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1812) ◽  
pp. 20150659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohey Ogawa ◽  
Tomoya Shiraki ◽  
Daisuke Kojima ◽  
Yoshitaka Fukada
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Sine Oculis ◽  
Cone Opsin ◽  
Opsin Genes ◽  
High Acuity ◽  
Vertebrate Model

Colour discrimination in vertebrates requires cone photoreceptor cells in the retina, and high-acuity colour vision is endowed by a set of four cone subtypes expressing UV-, blue-, green- and red-sensitive opsins. Previous studies identified transcription factors governing cone photoreceptor development in mice, although loss of blue and green opsin genes in the evolution of mammals make it difficult to understand how high-acuity colour vision was organized during evolution and development. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) represents a valuable vertebrate model for studying colour vision as it retains all the four ancestral vertebrate cone subtypes. Here, by RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization analysis, we found that sine oculis homeobox homolog 7 ( six7 ), a transcription factor widely conserved in ray-finned fish, is expressed predominantly in the cone photoreceptors in zebrafish at both the larval and the adult stages. TAL effector nuclease-based six7 knock-out revealed its roles in expression of green, red and blue cone opsin genes. Most prominently, the six7 deficiency caused a loss of expression of all the green opsins at both the larval and adult stages. six7 is indispensable for the development and/or maintenance of the green cones.

scholarly journals Opsin gene evolution in amphibious and terrestrial combtooth blennies (Blenniidae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Cortesi ◽  
Karen M Cheney ◽  
Georgina M Cooke ◽  
Terry Ord
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Opsin Gene ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Cone Opsin ◽  
Visual Systems ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Opsin Genes ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Main Food Source

Evolutionary adaptations to life on land include changes to the physiology, morphology and behaviour of an animal in response to physical differences between water and air. The visual systems of amphibious species show pronounced morphological adaptations; yet, whether molecular changes also occur remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular evolution of visual pigment genes (opsins) in amphibious and terrestrial fishes belonging to the Salariini division of blennies (Blenniidae). We hypothesized that when conquering land, blenny opsins adapt, in terms of sequence variation and/or gene expression, to match both higher light intensities as well as the broader light spectrum. Using retinal transcriptomes in six species ranging from fully aquatic to fully terrestrial, we found very little variation in opsin gene sequences or gene expression between species. All blennies expressed a single rod opsin gene as well as two cone opsin genes sensitive to longer-wavelengths of light: RH2A-1 (green-sensitive) and LWS (red-sensitive). They also expressed one or two short-wavelength-sensitive cone opsin genes (SWS2Aα, SWS2Aβ; blue-sensitive) in a phylogenetically inert manner. However, based on amino acid predictions, both SWS2A proteins confer similar peak spectral sensitivities and differential expression is therefore unlikely to be ecologically significant. Red-sensitivity is likely beneficial for feeding on algae and detritus, the main food source of Salariini blennies, and could be co-adapted to perceive visual displays in terrestrial species, which often use red dorsal fins to signal during aggressive disputes and courtship. Our data suggests that on the molecular level, the visual systems that evolved in aquatic blennies have been retained in species that have transitioned onto land.

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