Surface‐based morphometry reveals distinct cortical thickness and surface area profiles in Williams syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Green ◽  
Kyle C. Fierro ◽  
Mira M. Raman ◽  
Manish Saggar ◽  
Kristen E. Sheau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Surface Based Morphometry

scholarly journals Electroconvulsive Therapy Induces Cortical Morphological Alterations in Major Depressive Disorder Revealed with Surface-Based Morphometry Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinping Xu ◽  
Jiaojian Wang ◽  
Tongjian Bai ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Surface Based Morphometry

Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), the mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of ECT remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated alterations in the cortical morphological measurements including cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA), and local gyrification index (LGI) in 23 MDD patients before and after ECT. Furthermore, multivariate pattern analysis using linear support vector machine (SVM) was applied to investigate whether the changed morphological measurements can be effective indicators for therapeutic efficacy of ECT. Surface-based morphometry (SBM) analysis found significantly increased vertex-wise and regional cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) in widespread regions, mainly located in the left insula (INS) and left fusiform gyrus, as well as hypergyrification in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) in MDD patients after ECT. Partial correlational analyses identified associations between the morphological properties and depressive symptom scores and impaired memory scores. Moreover, SVM result showed that the changed morphological measurements were effective to classify the MDD patients before and after ECT. Our findings suggested that ECT may enhance cortical neuroplasticity to facilitate neurogenesis to remit depressive symptoms and to impair delayed memory. These findings indicated that the cortical morphometry is a good index for therapeutic efficacy of ECT.

scholarly journals Effects of Deafness and Sign Language Experience on the Human Brain: Voxel-based and Surface-based Morphometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen McCullough ◽  
Karen Emmorey
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Signed Language ◽  
Native Signers ◽  
Surface Based Morphometry

We investigated, using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), how deafness and sign language experience affect the anatomical structures of the human brain by comparing gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) structures across congenitally deaf native signers, hearing native signers, and hearing sign-naïve controls (n = 90). We also compared the same groups on cortical thickness, surface area, and local gyrification using surface-based morphometry (SBM). Both VBM and SBM results revealed deafness-related changes in visual cortices and right frontal lobe. The GM in the auditory cortices did not appear to be affected by deafness; however, there was a significant WM reduction in left Heschl's gyrus for deaf signers only. The SBM comparisons revealed changes associated with lifelong signing experience: expansions in the surface area within left anterior temporal and left occipital lobes, and a reduction in cortical thickness in the right occipital lobe for deaf and hearing signers. Structural changes within these brain regions may be related to adaptations in the neural networks involved in processing signed language (i.e., visual perception of face and body movements). Hearing native signers also had unique neuroanatomical changes (e.g., reduced gyrification in premotor areas), perhaps due to lifelong experience with both a spoken and a signed language.

scholarly journals Regional Brain Differences in Cortical Thickness, Surface Area and Subcortical Volume in Individuals with Williams Syndrome

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e31913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashwath A. Meda ◽  
Jennifer R. Pryweller ◽  
Tricia A. Thornton-Wells
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Subcortical Volume

scholarly journals Differences in cortical structure between cognitively normal East Asian and Caucasian older adults: a surface-based morphometry study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Woo Kang ◽  
Sheng-Min Wang ◽  
Hae-Ran Na ◽  
Sonya Youngju Park ◽  
Nak Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface Based Morphometry

AbstractThere is a growing literature on the impact of ethnicity on brain structure and function. Despite the regional heterogeneity in age-related changes and non-uniformity across brain morphometry measurements in the aging process, paucity of studies investigated the difference in cortical anatomy between the East Asian and Caucasian older adults. The present study aimed to compare cortical anatomy measurements, including cortical thickness, volume and surface area, between cognitively normal East Asian (n = 171) and Caucasian (n = 178) older adults, using surface-based morphometry and vertex-wise group analysis of high-dimensional structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The East Asian group showed greater cortical thickness and larger cortical volume in the right superior temporal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, and inferior parietal cortex. The Caucasian group showed thicker and larger cortex in the left transverse temporal cortex, lingual gyrus, right lateral occipital cortex, and precentral gyrus. Additionally, the difference in surface area was discordant with that in cortical thickness. Differences in brain structure between the East Asian and Caucasian might reflect differences in language and information processing, but further studies using standardized methods for assessing racial characteristics are needed. The research results represent a further step towards developing a comprehensive understanding of differences in brain structure between ethnicities of older adults, and this would enrich clinical research on aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

Regional correlations between cortical thickness and surface area asymmetries: A surface-based morphometry study of 250 adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 350-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Maingault ◽  
Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer ◽  
Bernard Mazoyer ◽  
Fabrice Crivello
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Surface Based Morphometry

scholarly journals Cortical Volume, Thickness, and Surface Area in the Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Helena M. Blumen ◽  
Emily Schwartz ◽  
Gilles Allali ◽  
Olivier Beauchet ◽  
Michele Callisaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Cognitive Risk ◽  
Cognitive Complaint

Background: The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a pre-clinical stage of dementia characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaint. Yet, the brain substrates of MCR are not well established. Objective: To examine cortical thickness, volume, and surface area associated with MCR in the MCR-Neuroimaging Consortium, which harmonizes image processing/analysis of multiple cohorts. Methods: Two-hundred MRIs (M age 72.62 years; 47.74%female; 33.17%MCR) from four different cohorts (50 each) were first processed with FreeSurfer 6.0, and then analyzed using multivariate and univariate general linear models with 1,000 bootstrapped samples (n-1; with resampling). All models adjusted for age, sex, education, white matter lesions, total intracranial volume, and study site. Results: Overall, cortical thickness was lower in individuals with MCR than in those without MCR. There was a trend in the same direction for cortical volume (p = 0.051). Regional cortical thickness was also lower among individuals with MCR than individuals without MCR in prefrontal, insular, temporal, and parietal regions. Conclusion: Cortical atrophy in MCR is pervasive, and include regions previously associated with human locomotion, but also social, cognitive, affective, and motor functions. Cortical atrophy in MCR is easier to detect in cortical thickness than volume and surface area because thickness is more affected by healthy and pathological aging.

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