The introduction of clinical genetic testing in Ethiopia: Experiences and lessons learned

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane C. Quinonez ◽  
Zewdu Terefework
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
Clinical Genetic Testing

scholarly journals Cancer Previvors in an Active Duty Service Women Population: An Opportunity for Prevention and Increased Force Readiness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leann A Lovejoy ◽  
Clesson E Turner ◽  
Craig D Shriver ◽  
Rachel E Ellsworth
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Predisposition ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
High Risk Women ◽  
Clinical Genetic Testing ◽  
Pathogenic Mutations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Reducing

Abstract Background The majority of active duty service women (ADS) are young, have access to healthcare, and meet fitness standards set by the U.S. military, suggesting that ADS represent a healthy population at low risk of cancer. Breast cancer is, however, the most common cancer in ADS and may have a significant effect on troop readiness with lengthy absence during treatment and inability to return to duty after the treatment. The identification of unaffected ADS who carry germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes (“previvors”) would provide the opportunity to prevent or detect cancer at an early stage, thus minimizing effects on troop readiness. In this study, we determined (1) how many high-risk ADS without cancer pursued genetic testing, (2) how many previvors employed risk-reducing strategies, and (3) the number of undiagnosed previvors within an ADS population. Methods The Clinical Breast Care Project (protocol WRNMMC IRB #20704) database of the Murtha Cancer Center/Walter Reed National Military Medical Center was queried to identify all ADS with no current or previous history of cancer. Classification as high genetic risk was calculated using National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2019 guidelines for genetic testing for breast, ovary, colon, and gastric cancer. The history of clinical genetic testing and risk-reducing strategies was extracted from the database. Genomic DNA from ADS with blood specimens available for research purposes were subjected to next-generation sequencing technologies using a cancer predisposition gene panel. Results Of the 336 cancer-free ADS enrolled in the Clinical Breast Care Project, 77 had a family history that met National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria for genetic testing for BRCA1/2 and 2 had a family history of colon cancer meeting the criteria for genetic testing for Lynch syndrome. Of the 28 (35%) high-risk women who underwent clinical genetic testing, 11 had pathogenic mutations in the breast cancer genes BRCA1 (n = 5), BRCA2 (n = 5), or CHEK2 (n = 1). Five of the six ADS who had a relative with a known pathogenic mutation were carriers of the tested mutation. All of the women who had pathogenic mutations detected through clinical genetic testing underwent prophylactic double mastectomy, and three also had risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. Two (6%) of the 33 high-risk ADS tested only in the research setting had a family history of breast/ovarian cancer and carried pathogenic mutations: one carried a BRCA2 mutation, whereas the other carried a mutation in the colon cancer predisposition gene PMS2. No mutations were detected in the 177 low-risk women tested in the research setting. Discussion Within this unaffected cohort of ADS, 23% were classified as high risk. Although all of the previvors engaged in risk-reduction strategies, only one-third of the high-risk women sought genetic testing. These data suggest that detailed family histories of cancer should be collected in ADS and genetic testing should be encouraged in those at high risk. The identification of previvors and concomitant use of risk-reduction strategies may improve health in the ADS and optimize military readiness by decreasing cancer incidence.

scholarly journals Clinical genetic testing outcome with multi-gene panel in Asian patients with multiple primary cancers

Oncotarget ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (55) ◽  
pp. 30649-30660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria H.J. Chan ◽  
Pei Yi Ong ◽  
Jeffrey J.H. Low ◽  
Hwai Loong Kong ◽  
Samuel G.W. Ow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Gene Panel ◽  
Multiple Primary Cancers ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
Clinical Genetic Testing ◽  
Asian Patients ◽  
Multiple Primary

scholarly journals Development of a Genomic DNA Reference Material Panel for Thalassemia Genetic Testing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Zhen Yin ◽  
Shou-Fang Qu ◽  
Chuan-Feng Huang ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Jian-Biao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
Clinical Genetic Testing ◽  
Technology Platforms

AbstractThalassemia is one of the most common autosomal recessive inherited diseases worldwide, and it is also highly prevalent and variable in Southern China. Various types of genetic testing technologies have been developed for diagnosis and screening of thalassemia. Characterized genomic DNA reference materials are necessary for assay development, validation, proficiency testing and quality assurance. However, there is no publicly available reference materials for thalassemia genetic testing as yet. To address the need for these materials, the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and the China National Gene Bank established 31 new cell lines with 2 wild genotypes and 29 distinct genotypes of thalassemia which account for approximately 90% thalassemia carriers in China. The genomic DNA of 31 cell lines were characterized by four clinical genetic testing laboratories using different genetic testing methods and technology platforms. The genotyping results were concordant among four laboratories. In addition, the results of stability test demonstrated that the genotypes of these DNA samples were not influenced by preanalytical conditions such as long-term exposure to high temperature(37□) environment and repeated freeze-thawing. In conclusion, we developed the first national panel of 31 genomic DNA reference materials which are renewable and publicly available for the quality assurance of various genetic testing methods and will facilitate research and development in thalassemia genetic testing.

Abstract 16468: Results of Research Genetic Testing in Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Patients Justify Broader Clinical Genetic Testing

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M Ware ◽  
Steven E Lipshultz ◽  
Steven D Colan ◽  
Ling Shi ◽  
Charles E Canter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Family History ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
Clinical Genetic Testing ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Pediatric Cardiomyopathy ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Pediatric cardiomyopathies are genetically heterogeneous diseases with high risk of death or cardiac transplant. Despite progress in identifying causes, the majority of cases remain idiopathic. Currrently, genetic testing is not performed in all children with cardiomyopathy. Gene identification leads to better individual risk stratification and has the potential to stimulate the development of therapies based on the underlying mutation. The aim of this study is to identify genetic mutations in pediatric cardiomyopathy patients using whole exome sequencing. Hypothesis: Sarcomeric mutations are under-diagnosed causes of all forms of cardiomyopathy in children. Methods: Probands with cardiomyopathy were recruited from 11 institutions. Results of clinical genetic testing prior to enrollment were collected. Whole exome sequencing was performed and mutations were identified in 35 genes currently available on clinical genetic testing panels. Results: The initial 154 probands subjected to exome included 78 patients with DCM, 43 with HCM, 14 with RCM, and 19 with LVNC, mixed, or unknown types. Familial disease was present in 38% and the remainder were idiopathic. Twenty-seven percent had positive clinical genetic testing prior to enrollment. Exome testing identified mutations in 38 subjects who had not had clinical testing, increasing the cohort positive testing rate to 55% (DCM, 34.6%; HCM, 74.4%; RCM, 71.4%). Forty-five percent of subjects with no family history of disease had an identifiable mutation. Conclusions: Pediatric cardiomyopathy patients have a high incidence of mutations that can be identified by clinically available genetic testing. Lack of a family history of cardiomyopathy was not predictive of normal genetic testing. These results support the broader use of genetic testing in pediatric patients with all functional phenotypes of cardiomyopathy to identify disease causation allowing better family risk stratification.

scholarly journals Új módszertani lehetőségek és ezek alkalmazása a hormonális rendszer daganatainak genetikai kivizsgálásában

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (51) ◽  
pp. 2063-2069
Author(s):  
Attila Patócs ◽  
István Likó ◽  
Henriett Butz ◽  
Kornélia Baghy ◽  
Károly Rácz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Clinical Genetic Testing ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Genome Scale

The technical developments leading to revolution in clinical genetic testing offer new approaches for patients with cancer. From one mutation or one gene approach the scale of genetic testing moved to whole exome or whole genome scale. It is well known that many tumours are genetically determined ans they are part of familial tumour syndromes. In addition, some mutations indicate specific molecular targeted therapies. Although sampling and sample preparation are different for testing germline and somatic mutations, the technical background of the analysis is the same. The aim of clinical genetic testing is to identify patients who are carriers of disease-causing mutations or to test tumour tissue for the presence of genetic alterations which may be targets for therapeutic approaches. In this review the authors summarize novel possibilities offered by next-generation sequencing in clinical genetic testing of patients with endocrine tumours. In addition, the authors review recent guidelines on technical and ethical issues related to these novel methods. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(51), 2063–2069.

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