Job-related risk of latent tuberculosis infection in a homogeneous population of hospital workers in a low incidence area

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Franchi ◽  
Ornella Diana ◽  
Giuliano Franco
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Hospital Workers ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Low Incidence

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Screening before Immigration to Low-Incidence Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon R. Campbell ◽  
James C. Johnston ◽  
Victoria J. Cook ◽  
Mohsen Sadatsafavi ◽  
R. Kevin Elwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Low Incidence

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Healthcare Workers in a Low Incidence Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Coppeta ◽  
Antonio Pietroiusti ◽  
Anna Neri ◽  
Aurelio Janni ◽  
Savino Baldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Quantiferon Test

Background: Tuberculosis prevention is a major goal in the hospital setting. Because of the possible progression or reactivation of latent disease, the screening of healthcare workers is an important issue in the TB control program. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of LTBI (latent tuberculosis infection) and to evaluate the main risk factors related to this condition in a teaching hospital in Italy. Methods: We reviewed the data of a tuberculosis screening conducted on 3622 healthcare professionals in a teaching hospital in Rome. All subjects were evaluated by QuantiFERON test which if positive, was followed by appropriate clinical and diagnostic procedures. Results: Latent Tuberculosis Infection LTBI condition was detected in 2.1% of the cases, most commonly in men. Male gender, higher age class, country of birth and nurse job were statistically related with the positivity to QuantiFERON test. Conclusion: LTBI was relatively uncommon in our population, however, given the potential risk of reactivation and progression to overt disease, the screening of healthcare workers and students is recommended in the hospital of low-incidence countries.

Latent Tuberculosis Infection Screening in Immigrants to Low-Incidence Countries: A Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon R. Campbell ◽  
Wenjia Chen ◽  
James Johnston ◽  
Victoria Cook ◽  
Kevin Elwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Low Incidence

scholarly journals Risk of Occupational Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Health Personnel Measured by Interferon-Gamma Release Assays in Low Incidence Countries—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Peters ◽  
Agnessa Kozak ◽  
Albert Nienhaus ◽  
Anja Schablon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Incidence

Healthcare workers (HCWs) have increased risk for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and tuberculosis (TB) disease due to their occupational exposure. For some years now, interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) have replaced the tuberculin skin test for the diagnosis of LTBI in many countries. This review examined the occupational risk of LTBI in HCWs with IGRA testing in low incidence countries. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from 2005 onwards provide data regarding the prevalence of LTBI in HCWs. In addition, the pooled effect estimates were calculated for individual regions and occupational groups. 57 studies with 31,431 HCWs from four regions and a total of 25 countries were analysed. The prevalence of LTBI varied from 0.9 to 85.5%. The pooled estimation found the lowest prevalence of LTBI for North American and West Pacific countries (<5%), and the highest prevalence for Eastern Mediterranean countries (19.4%). An increased risk for LTBI was found only for administrative employees. Studies on the occupational risk of LTBI continue to show increased prevalence of HCWs, even in low-incidence countries. Good quality studies will continue to be needed to describe occupational exposure.

scholarly journals Latent tuberculosis infection in foreign-born communities: import vs. transmission in the Netherlands derived through mathematical modelling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hester Korthals Altes ◽  
Serieke Kloet ◽  
Frank Cobelens ◽  
Martin Bootsma
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Contact Investigation ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Significant Disease

AbstractWhile tuberculosis represents a significant disease burden worldwide, low-incidence countries strive to reach the WHO target of elimination by 2025. Screening for TB in immigrants is an important component of the strategy to reduce the TB burden in low-incidence settings. An important option is the screening and preventive treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Whether this policy is worthwhile depends on the extent of transmission within the country, and introduction of new cases through import. Mathematical transmission models of tuberculosis have been used to identify key parameters in the epidemiology of TB and estimate transmission rates. An important application has also been to investigate the consequences of policy scenarios.Here, we formulate a mathematical model for TB transmission within the Netherlands to estimate the size of the pool of latent infections, and to determine the share of importation –either through immigration or travel- versus transmission within the Netherlands. We take into account importation of infections due to immigration, and travel to the country of origin, focusing on the three ethnicities most represented among TB cases, excluding those overrepresented in asylum seekers: Moroccans, Turkish and Indonesians. We fit a system of ordinary differential equations to the data from the Netherlands Tuberculosis Registry on (extra-)pulmonary TB cases from 1995-2013.We find that for all three foreign-born communities, immigration is the most important source of LTBI, but the extent of within-country transmission is much lower (about half) for the Turkish and Indonesian communities than for the Moroccan. This would imply that contact investigation would have a greater yield in the latter community than in the former. Travel remains a minor factor contributing LTBI, suggesting that targeting returning travelers might be less effective at preventing LTBI than immigrants upon entry in the country.

scholarly journals The Role of Interferon-gamma Release Assay in Tuberculosis Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamarija Jurčev-Savičević ◽  
Vera Katalinić-Janković ◽  
Kornelija Miše ◽  
Ivan Gudelj
Keyword(s):  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Low Incidence

The Role of Interferon-gamma Release Assay in Tuberculosis ControlTuberculosis is still one of the major global public health threats. Countries with low incidence must focus on exhausting the reservoir of future cases by preventing reactivation. Therefore, it is important to identify and effectively treat those individuals who have latent tuberculosis infection and who may develop active disease. The tuberculin skin test has been the standard for detection of immune response against M. tuberculosis since the beginning of the 20th century. The new millennium has brought advancement in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection. The name of the new blood test is interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Croatia is a middle-incidence country with a long decreasing trend and developed tuberculosis control. To reach low incidence and finally eliminate tuberculosis, its tuberculosis programme needs a more aggressive approach that would include intensive contact investigation and treatment of persons with latent tuberculosis infection. This article discusses the current uses of IGRA and its role in tuberculosis control.

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