Ancestry and admixture of a southernmost Chilean population: The reflection of a migratory history

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Flores‐Alvarado ◽  
Michael Orellana‐Soto ◽  
Mauricio Moraga
Keyword(s):  
Migratory History ◽  
Chilean Population

scholarly journals Micro-tomographic characterization of the root and canal system morphology of mandibular first premolars in a Chilean population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho ◽  
Luis González-Osuna ◽  
Daniela Poblete ◽  
Emilio A. Cafferata ◽  
Paola Carvajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Multiple Root ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Chilean Population

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the root anatomy and root canal system morphology of mandibular first premolars in a Chilean population. 186 teeth were scanned using micro-computed tomography and reconstructed three-dimensionally. The root canal system morphology was classified using both Vertucci’s and Ahmed’s criteria. The radicular grooves were categorized using the ASUDAS system, and the presence of Tomes’ anomalous root was associated with Ahmed’s score. A single root canal was identified in 65.05% of teeth, being configuration type I according to Vertucci’s criteria and code 1MP1 according to Ahmed’s criteria. Radicular grooves were observed in 39.25% of teeth. The ASUDAS scores for radicular grooves were 60.75%, 13.98%, 12.36%, 10.22%, 2.15%, and 0.54%, from grade 0 to grade 5, respectively. The presence of Tomes’ anomalous root was identified only in teeth with multiple root canals, and it was more frequently associated with code 1MP1–2 of Ahmed’s criteria. The root canal system morphology of mandibular first premolars showed a wide range of anatomical variations in the Chilean population. Teeth with multiple root canals had a higher incidence of radicular grooves, which were closely related to more complex internal anatomy. Only teeth with multiple root canals presented Tomes’ anomalous root.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Inequalities in Dietary Intake in Chile: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
María Jesús Vega-Salas ◽  
Paola Caro ◽  
Laura Johnson ◽  
Angeliki Papadaki
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Chilean Population

Objective: Understanding the socioeconomic inequalities in dietary intake is crucial when addressing the socioeconomic gradient in obesity rates and non-communicable diseases. We aimed to systematically assess the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and dietary intake in Chile. Design: We searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature from inception until 31st December 2019 in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Sciences and LILACS databases. Observational studies published in English and Spanish, reporting the comparison of at least one dietary factor between at least two groups of different SEP in the general Chilean population, were selected. Two researchers independently conducted data searches, screening, extraction and assessed study quality using an adaptation of the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results: Twenty-one articles (from 18 studies) were included. Study quality was considered low, medium, and high for 24, 52 and 24% of articles, respectively. Moderate-to-large associations indicated lower intake of fruit and vegetables, dairy products and fish/seafood and higher pulses consumption among adults of lower SEP. Variable evidence of association was found for energy intake and macronutrients, in both children and adults. Conclusions: Our findings highlight some socioeconomic inequalities in diets in Chile, evidencing an overall less healthy food consumption among the lower SEP groups. New policies to reduce these inequalities should tackle the unequal distribution of factors affecting healthy eating among the lower SEP groups. These findings also provide important insights for developing strategies to reduce dietary inequalities in Chile and other countries that have undergone similar nutritional transitions.

Assessment of Gastritis and Gastric Cancer Risk in the Chilean Population Using the OLGA System

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1135-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Bellolio ◽  
Ismael Riquelme ◽  
Angela L. Riffo-Campos ◽  
Carlos Rueda ◽  
Catterina Ferreccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Gastric Cancer Risk ◽  
Chilean Population

scholarly journals A booster dose of an inactivated vaccine increases neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M Schultz ◽  
Felipe Melo-Gonzalez ◽  
Luisa F Duarte ◽  
Nicolas MS Galvez ◽  
Gaspar A Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chilean Population

Numerous vaccines have been generated to decrease the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. CoronaVac® is an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) to prevent COVID-19 that has safety and immunogenicity profiles described in different clinical trials. We previously reported an increase in levels of neutralizing antibodies two- and four-weeks after administering two doses of CoronaVac® in a two-week interval (0-14 day) vaccination schedule, as compared to pre-immune sera in adults in the Chilean population that are participating in phase 3 clinical trial. Here we report the levels of antibodies directed against the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein comparing their neutralizing capacities and the cellular response at five months after the second dose and four weeks after a booster (third) dose in volunteers immunized with two doses of CoronaVac®in a four-week interval (0-28 day) vaccination schedule. We observed a decrease in the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with neutralizing capacities five months after the second dose (GMU 39.0 95% confidence interval (CI)(32.4-47.0), which increased up to 12 times at four weeks after the booster dose (GMU 499.4, 95% CI=370.6-673.0). Equivalent results were observed in adults aged 18-59 years old and individuals ≥60 years old. In the case of cellular response, we observed that activation of specific CD4+ T cells increases in time and reaches its maximum at four weeks after the booster dose in both groups. Our results support the notion that a booster dose of the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine increases the levels of neutralizing antibodies and the specific cellular response in adults of both groups, which is likely to boost the protective capacity of these vaccines against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Refugee Students’ Access to Three European Universities: An Ethnographic Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Sontag
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Refugee Students ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Migratory History ◽  
History Of

The article presents an ethnographic fieldwork carried out at three universities in Switzerland, Germany, and France, and analyses how access to higher education for refugees was addressed in the three cases, how and which institutional change and activities were initiated, and by which actors. The article argues that the topic cannot be addressed in isolation but has to consider four intersecting areas: the personal biography and migratory history of the students, the asylum system, the educational system, and the funding situation. For the refugee students, the challenge is that these areas need to be taken into account simultaneously, but what is more challenging is that they are not well in tune with one another. Solutions need to take this complex—and place-specific—situation into account.

scholarly journals Translation and Continuity of Tradition: An Ongoing Dialogue in Aotearoa (New Zealand)

2021 ◽  
pp. 371-384
Author(s):  
Jaspreet Kaur ◽  
Renata Jadresin Milic
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Current State ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Migratory History ◽  
Architectural Tradition ◽  
Ongoing Dialogue

Though short, Aotearoa/New Zealand’s history is rich and holds an abundance of knowledge preserved in the form of songs, beliefs, practices, and narratives that inform this country’s unique place in the world as well as the identity of its people. This paper observes that with migratory history and a heritage of colonization, the people of Aotearoa/New Zealand express three identities: indigenous, colonial and migrant, all with a claim to appropriate representation in the country’s built fabric. It discusses the current state of knowledge by looking at the history and architectural tradition manifested in Auckland, the largest and fastest-growing city in Aotearoa. It adds that further research is required to understand and develop an appropriate methodology to address Auckland’s growing multiculturalism, which lacks adequate expression.

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