scholarly journals The potential role of irisin in the thermoregulatory responses to mild cold exposure in adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K. Calton ◽  
Mario J. Soares ◽  
Anthony P. James ◽  
Richard J. Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses

scholarly journals Effects of green tea extracts on non-shivering thermogenesis during mild cold exposure in young men

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Gosselin ◽  
François Haman
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

The effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and caffeine on non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) during cold exposure is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the effects of co-ingesting EGCG and caffeine on the thermogenic responses of a 3 h cold exposure. A total of eight healthy males were exposed to mild cold, using a liquid-conditioned suit perfused with 15°C water, on two occasions and consumed a placebo or an extract of 1600 mg of EGCG and 600 mg of caffeine (Green tea). Thermic, metabolic and electromyographic measurements were monitored at baseline and during the cold exposure. Results showed that the AUC of shivering intensity over the cold exposure period was reduced by approximately 20 % in the Green tea (266 (sem 6) % maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) × min) compared with the Placebo (332 (sem 69) %MVC × min) (P= 0·01) treatments. In contrast, the total AUC for energy expenditure (EE) was approximately 10 % higher in the Green tea (23·5 (sem 1·4) kJ/kg × 180 min) compared with the Placebo (327 (sem 74) kJ/kg 180 min) (P= 0·007) treatments. The decrease in shivering activity combined with an increase in EE, following the ingestion of EGCG and caffeine during the cold exposure, indicates that NST pathways can be significantly stimulated in adult human subjects. The present study provides an experimental approach for human investigations into the potential role of diet and bioactive food ingredients in modulating NST during cold exposure. Stimulating NST pathways in such a manner may also provide important targets in the search of targets for the management of obesity and diabetes.

scholarly journals A potential role for endogenous oxytocin in adaptation to cold: implications for health?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 267-270
Author(s):  
Khojasta Talash ◽  
Maheswara Reddy Eevuri ◽  
Phuoc-Tan Diep
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

Cold water swimming is thought to provide mental and physical health benefits, although the details of the potential signalling pathways involved in the body have not yet been fully established. We know that brown fat/brown adipose tissue is important in thermogenesis, thereby possibly helping in training the body to adapt to cold stimuli. As a result of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis during cold exposure, the body uses up the stored fat energy to produce heat energy. Such metabolism of fat can therefore help combat diseases associated with gain of fat, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we present a potential role for oxytocin in stimulating brown adipose tissue thermogenesis during cold exposure and adaptation. We discuss cold adaptation and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, and present our hypothesis for the role of oxytocin in cold adaptation and its perceived benefits for health.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

Business Model Literature Overview

2014 ◽  
pp. 79-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ales Novak
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Business Logic ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
Ifrs 9 ◽  
Definition Of

The term ?business model' has recently attracted increased attention in the context of financial reporting and was formally introduced into the IFRS literature when IFRS 9 Financial Instruments was published in November 2009. However, IFRS 9 did not fully define the term ‘business model'. Furthermore, the literature on business models is quite diverse. It has been conducted in largely isolated fashion; therefore, no generally accepted definition of ?business model' has emerged. Therefore, a better understanding of the notion itself should be developed before further investigating its potential role within financial reporting. The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the perceived key themes and to identify other bases for grouping/organizing the literature based on business models. The contributions this paper makes to the literature are twofold: first, it complements previous review papers on business models; second, it contains a clear position on the distinction between the notions of the business model and strategy, which many authors identify as a key element in better explaining and communicating the notion of the business model. In this author's opinion, the term ‘strategy' is a dynamic and forward-looking notion, a sort of directional roadmap for future courses of action, whereas, ‘business model' is a more static notion, reflecting the conceptualisation of the company's underlying core business logic. The conclusion contains the author's thoughts on the role of the business model in financial reporting.

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