scholarly journals Transitioning patients with immune thrombocytopenia to second‐line therapy: Challenges and best practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Cuker
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
Line Therapy

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists as second-line therapy in splenectomy-eligible persistent immune thrombocytopenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Vianello ◽  
Fabio D’Amore ◽  
Anna M. Lombardi ◽  
Ilaria Caputo ◽  
Alberto Friziero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor

Results of the Russian Registry of Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia in Pediatric Patients

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 4643-4643
Author(s):  
Anastasia Shamardina ◽  
Inna Markova ◽  
Tatyana Sycheva ◽  
Elena Volodicheva ◽  
Alexander Rumyantsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
Chronic Itp ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract Study objectives We aim to evaluate disease characteristics and treatment practices of pediatric pts. with Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in Russia. Materials and methods The ITP Registry was a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study. Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of primary ITP, informed consent of the patient/guardians. Exclusion criteria: secondary or congenital thrombocytopenia. Data from medical records were registered in the e-CRF in average every 3 months. Descriptive statistics were used. Patients were registered since June 2011 till June 2014. Results Ninety-three pediatric pts, 46 male (49.5%) and 47 female (50.5%) with a median age 8.4 yrs (range 0.5-17.8) from 5 centers in various regions of Russia were included. The mean observation period reached 17.1 ± 6.5 mo (range1.4 to 28.6 months). Seventy (75.3%) pts had acute and 24.7% pts had insidious disease onset. The presence of trigger factors for ITP development was found in more than half of the cases (in 61.3% of patients), they are listed in Table 1. Table 1. Triggers N % No triggers 36 38.7% Infection 46 49.5% Vaccination 8 8.6% Other 3 3.2% Total 93 100% Median disease duration at enrollment was 1.07 years (range 0 to 16.7 yrs). ITP duration shorter than 5 years at the enrollment was reported in 89.2% pts, up to 1 year - in 43 (46.2%), 1- 5 years - in 40 (43%), 5-10 years - in 8 (8.6%), >10 years - in 2 (2.2%) pts. Newly diagnosed ITP was reported in 35 (37.6 %) pts, persistent ITP - in 12 (12.9 %), chronic ITP - in 46 (49.5 %) pts.Median platelets count was 12,0 x 109/L (range 0.0 - 72.0 109/L). Ninety-two (98%) pts experienced hemorrhagic manifestations during the course of ITP: skin hemorrhages - in 98.9%, oral bleeding - in 15.1%, epistaxis - in 36.6%, gastrointestinal bleeding - in 1.1%, intracranial bleeding - in 1.1%, hematuria - in 1.1%, and other hemorrhages - in 9.7% of pts. Relationship between hemorrhagic syndrome and platelet count at the enrollment is provided in table 2. Table 2. Relationship between hemorrhagic syndrome and platelet count (at enrollment) Hemorrhage highest grade according to WHO Platelet count (visit 1) Total pts / % < 30,000 30,000 -50,000 >50,000 0 3 5.5% 3 5.5% 49 89.1% 55 100% 1 11 40.7% 5 18.5% 11 40.7% 27 100% 2 5 62.5% 0 0% 3 37.5% 8 100% 3 2 66.7% 1 33.3% 0 0% 3 100% Total 21 22,6% 9 9.7% 63 67.7% 93 100% Severe course of ITP after enrollment was observed in 12 (13%) pts (of whose 6 (6.5%) had clinically significant hemorrhage at the disease onset and 6 (6.5%) had new clinically significant hemorrhages during follow-up period. Refractory ITP at enrollment was reported in 9 (9.7%) pts and was associated with the resistance to the first-, second- and subsequent lines of therapy. At enrollment 42 (45.2%) pts received specific treatment for ITP. Before enrollment, splenectomy was reported in only 1 (1.1%) 14-years old patient who had a complete response. During the study, splenectomy was performed in 6 (6.6%) pts with chronic ITP; the duration of the disease at the time of splenectomy varied from 2 to 10 years, with average duration of 4.69 years (median - 4.5 years). Complete response to splenectomy was observed in 3 (50%) pts, a partial response - in 2 (33.3%), no response - in 1 (16.7%) patient. Loss of response to splenectomy was not reported. During the study, severe ITP was reported in 8 (8.7%) pts, 41 (44.6%) pt had various hemorrhagic manifestations of ITP at least at 1 visit, grade IV hemorrhagic syndrome was not reported. Thirty-eight (41%) pts received 1-st line treatment: glucocorticosteroids (GCS) - 23 (60.5%) pts, IVIG - 5 (13.2%), alfa-interferons -16 pts (42.1%). Twenty-three pts (24.7%) received second-line therapy: GCS - 1 (4.3%), IVIG -1 (4.3%), immunosupression - 1 (4.3%), rituximab - 2 (8.7%), romiplostim - 11 (47.8%), eltrombopag - 14 (60.9%). Conclusion For the first time new information on the features of the disease and patterns of management of pediatric pts with primary ITP in Russia was obtained in a prospective study. Interestingly, the preferred therapy for the 2nd or subsequent lines are TPO receptor agonists used outside the approved indications in research institutions, based on published clinical trial data. Splenectomy rate before and during the study was only 7.5% (7 pts) with chronic ITP; in 1 child (14.3%) splenectomy was ineffective. Low acceptance of splenectomy suggests TPO-mimetics as potential second-line therapy. In total, good disease control is achievable in the majority of pediatric pts with ITP. Disclosures Off Label Use: use of TPO-mimetics in children.

scholarly journals Second-Line Therapy for Immune Thrombocytopenia: Real-World Experience in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Hasmik Nazaryan ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Emily Sirotich ◽  
Joanne Duncan ◽  
Ishac Nazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Treatment Sequence ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor ◽  
Count Response ◽  
Immunosuppressant Medications ◽  
Étude De Cohorte

BackgroundThe sequence of second-line therapy used for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is variable. This study aimed to describe the types and sequences of second-line therapies for a large cohort of ITP patients in Canada. MethodsWe completed a retrospective cohort study of the McMaster ITP Registry. We included patients with primary or secondary ITP who had received one or more second-line therapies including any of the splenectomy, rituximab, danazol, dapsone, or thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), or immunosuppressant medications. Immunosuppressant medications included azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, or mycophenolate given alone or in combination. ResultsWe identified 204 ITP patients who had received one or more second-line therapies. The most common second-line therapies were immunosuppressant medications (n = 106; 52.0%), splenectomy (n = 106; 52.0%), TPO-RAs (n = 75; 36.8%), danazol (n = 73; 35.8%), and rituximab (n = 67; 32.8%). For patients who received only one second-line therapy (n = 88), the most common treatment was splenectomy (n = 28; 31.8%). For patients who received more than one second-line therapy (n = 116), the most common treatment sequence was splenectomy, followed by immunosuppressant medications (n = 7; 6.0%). Of the 154 evaluable patients at the end of follow-up, 69 (44.8%) achieved a complete platelet count response and 101 (65.5%) achieved a partial response. ConclusionImmunosuppressant medications and splenectomy are commonly used as second-line therapies for ITP in Canada. Treatment choices and the sequence of treatments were variable. RESUME Contexte La séquence de la thérapie de deuxième ligne utilisée pour le traitement de la thrombocytopénie immunitaire (PTI) est variable. Cette étude visait à décrire les types et les séquences des thérapies de deuxième ligne pour une large cohorte de patients atteints de PTI au Canada. MéthodesNous avons réalisé une étude de cohorte rétrospective du registre ITP de McMaster. Nous avons inclus des patients atteints de PTI primaire ou secondaire qui avaient reçu une ou plusieurs thérapies de deuxième ligne, y compris une splénectomie, du rituximab, du danazol, de la dapsone ou des agonistes des récepteurs de la thrombopoïétine (AR-TPO), ou des médicaments immunosuppresseurs. Les médicaments immunosuppresseurs comprennent l’azathioprine, le cyclophosphamide, la cyclosporine ou le mycophénolate, administrés seuls ou en combinaison. RésultatsNous avons identifié 204 patients atteints de PTI qui avaient reçu une ou plusieurs thérapies de seconde ligne. Les thérapies de deuxième ligne les plus courantes étaient les immunosuppresseurs (n = 106; 52.0%), la splénectomie (n = 106; 52.0%), les AR-TPO (n = 75; 36.8%), le danazol (n = 73; 35.8%) et le rituximab (n = 67; 32.8%). Pour les patients qui n’ont reçu qu’un seul traitement de deuxième intention (n = 88), le traitement le plus courant était la splénectomie (n = 28; 31.8%). Pour les patients qui ont reçu plus d’un traitement de deuxième ligne (n = 116), la séquence de traitement la plus courante était la splénectomie, suivie par les médicaments immunosuppresseurs (n = 7; 6.0%). Sur les 154 patients évaluables à la fin du suivi, 69 (44.8%) ont obtenu une réponse complète de la numération plaquettaire et 101 (65.5%) une réponse partielle. ConclusionLes médicaments immunosuppresseurs et la splénectomie sont couramment utilisés comme traitements de deuxième intention pour le PTI au Canada. Les choix de traitement et la séquence des traitements sont variables.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of dapsone as second line therapy for adult immune thrombocytopenia: A retrospective study of 42 patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e0187296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémentine Estève ◽  
Maxime Samson ◽  
Alexandre Guilhem ◽  
Barbara Nicolas ◽  
Vanessa Leguy-Seguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
Line Therapy

scholarly journals Fostamatinib is an effective second‐line therapy in patients with immune thrombocytopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Boccia ◽  
Nichola Cooper ◽  
Waleed Ghanima ◽  
Michael A Boxer ◽  
Quentin A. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
Line Therapy

scholarly journals Splenectomy Outcomes in Relapsed or Refractory Immune Thrombocytopenia According to First-Line Intravenous Immunoglobulin Response

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daehun Kwag ◽  
Jae-Ho Yoon ◽  
Gi June Min ◽  
Sung-Soo Park ◽  
Silvia Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Poor Responders ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Refractory Itp ◽  
Immunoglobulin Response

Introduction: Although splenectomy has long been second-line option for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients, an indicator that reliably predicts the efficacy of splenectomy is still being explored. We investigated the treatment outcomes of splenectomy as a second-line therapy for relapsed/refractory ITP according to first-line intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) responses. Methods: Fifty-two adult patients treated with splenectomy as second-line therapy for ITP between 2009 and 2019 were included, and they were classified according to first-line IVIG responses (no response to IVIG: non-responders; only transient IVIG response shorter than 4 weeks: poor responders; IVIG response for a longer period; stable responders). The efficacy of splenectomy was analyzed in the three subgroups. Results: Of the 52 patients, 10 were IVIG non-responders, 34 were poor responders, and the remaining eight were stable responders. Response to splenectomy was observed in 50.0% of IVIG non-responders, 94.1% of poor responders, and 100% of stable responders (p = 0.0030). Among the 45 patients who responded to splenectomy, 51.1% relapsed subsequently, and a significantly lower relapse rate was noted in the stable IVIG responders (12.5%, p = 0.0220) than in non-responders (60.0%) and poor responders (59.4%). Conclusions: First-line IVIG response is indicated as a useful predictive factor for response to splenectomy.

scholarly journals Second-Line Therapy for Immune Thrombocytopenia: Real-World Experience

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 2120-2120
Author(s):  
Hasmik Nazaryan ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Emily Sirotich ◽  
Joanne M Duncan ◽  
Donald M. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Treatment Start

Background: Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune platelet disorder that can lead to serious morbidity caused by bleeding and therapy-associated toxicities. The sequence of first-line therapies is well-defined, but the sequence of second-line therapies lacks consensus. A description of real-world experience is necessary to understand practice patterns with respect to second-line therapies and identify gaps in care. The objective of this study was to describe the types and chronological sequences of second-line therapies in a large cohort of ITP patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. The population was derived from the McMaster ITP Registry, a prospective longitudinal registry of patients presenting with thrombocytopenia (platelets <150 × 109/L) to an academic hematology clinic in Hamilton, Canada. Inclusion criteria were: 1) diagnosis of primary or secondary ITP at most recent follow-up; 2) received one or more second-line therapy since initial ITP diagnosis; and 3) ≥6 months of follow up. No exclusions were applied. The sequence of second-line therapies was determined by treatment start dates. For treatments that were administered before enrollment in the registry, the order of treatment was determined by the reported treatment start date. When the start date was not reported, the sequence of treatments was assumed to be the order in which they were mentioned in the medical records. Second-line therapies included: splenectomy; rituximab; danazol; dapsone; thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs): eltrombopag or romiplostim; and immunosuppressants: mycophenolate, cyclosporine, azathioprine or cyclophosphamide. Results: From January 2010 to December 2017, 789 patients with thrombocytopenia were registered in the McMaster ITP Registry. Of those, 204 had ITP and received second-line therapy (57.4% female). Median duration of ITP from the initial presentation to the most recent diagnosis was 9 years (IQR, 4-19). The proportion of patients who received each type of second-line therapy at any time were immunosuppressants (n=106, 52.0%), splenectomy (n=106, 52.0%), TPO-RAs (n=75, 36.8%), danazol (n=73, 35.8%), rituximab (n=67, 32.8%), and dapsone (n=4, 2.0%). Overall, 69 unique treatment sequences were identified. For patients who received one second-line treatment only (n=88), the most common single treatment was splenectomy (n=28, 31.8%), followed by immunosuppressants (n=21, 23.9%) and danazol (n=18, 20.5%) (Figure 1). For patients who received more than one second-line therapy (n=116), the most common treatment sequences were splenectomy followed by immunosuppressants (n=7, 6.0%); immunosuppressants followed by rituximab (n=6, 5.0%), and immunosuppressants followed by danazol (n=5, 4.0%). In patients who received each of these therapies, the last second-line treatments received were TPO-RAs (52/75, 69.3%), immunosuppressants (45/106, 42.5%), rituximab (37/67, 55.2%), splenectomy (36/106, 33.9%), danazol (33/73, 45.2%), and dapsone (1/4, 25%). Conclusion: The types and sequences of second-line therapies for ITP were variable in a large Canadian academic center, where access to certain treatments including TPO-RAs and rituximab is limited. In this setting, splenectomy and immunosuppressant medications were commonly used as early second-line therapies. TPO-RAs were most often the last second-line treatment in the sequence of therapies used. Drug accessibility and other factors related to the choice of second-line therapies require further evaluation. Disclosures Arnold: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Principia: Consultancy; Rigel: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding.

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