Genetic variation of a relict maple Acer miyabei : Uncovering its history of disjunct occurrence and the role of mountain refugia in shaping genetic diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuyo SAEKI ◽  
Akira S. HIRAO ◽  
Tanaka KENTA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Genetic variation in native and farmed populations of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in the Brazilian Amazon: regional discrepancies in farming systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Aguiar ◽  
Horacio Schneider ◽  
Fatima Gomes ◽  
Jeferson Carneiro ◽  
Simoni Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
The West ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
History Of

The tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is the most popular fish species used for aquaculture in Brazil but there is no study comparing genetic variation among native and farmed populations of this species. In the present study, we analyzed DNA sequences of the mitochondrial DNA to evaluate the genetic diversity among two wild populations, a fry-producing breeding stock, and a sample of fish farm stocks, all from the region of Santarém, in the west of the Brazilian state of Pará. Similar levels of genetic diversity were found in all the samples and surprisingly the breeding stock showed expressive representation of the genetic diversity registered on wild populations. These results contrast considerably with those of the previous study of farmed stocks in the states of Amapá, Pará, Piauí, and Rondônia, which recorded only two haplotypes, indicating a long history of endogamy in the breeding stocks used to produce fry. The results of the two studies show two distinct scenarios of tambaqui farming in the Amazon basin, which must be better evaluated in order to guarantee the successful expansion of this activity in the region, and the rest of Brazil, given that the tambaqui and its hybrids are now farmed throughout the country.

scholarly journals Genetically diverse populations spread faster in benign but not in challenging environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mortier Frederik ◽  
Masier Stefano ◽  
Bonte Dries
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
General View ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Population Spread ◽  
Inbred Populations

AbstractPopulation spread from a limited pool of founding propagules is at the basis of biological invasions. The size and genetic variation of these propagules eventually affect whether the invasion is successful or not. The inevitable bottleneck at introduction decreases genetic diversity, and therefore should affect population growth and spread. However, many heavily bottlenecked invasive populations have been successful in nature. These negative effects of a genetic bottleneck are typically considered to be relaxed in benign environments because of a release from stress. Despite its relevance to understand and predict invasions, empirical evidence on the role of genetic diversity in relation to habitat quality is largely lacking. We use the mite Tetranychus urticae Koch as a model to experimentally assess spread rate and the size of genetically depleted inbred populations and enriched mixed populations. This was assessed in replicated linear patch systems consisting of benign (bean), challenging (tomato) or a gradient (bean to tomato) habitat. We find that genetic diversity increased population spread rates in the benign but not in the challenging habitat. Additionally, variance in spread was consistently higher in genetically poor populations and highest in the challenging habitat. Our experiment challenges the general view that a bottleneck in genetic variation decreases invasion success in challenging, but not in benign environments.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity of the “Acquaviva Red Onion” (Allium cepa L.) Apulian Landrace

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Ricciardi ◽  
Rosa Mazzeo ◽  
Angelo Raffaele Marcotrigiano ◽  
Guglielmo Rainaldi ◽  
Paolo Iovieno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
History Of

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the second most important vegetable crop worldwide and is widely appreciated for its health benefits. Despite its significant economic importance and its value as functional food, onion has been poorly investigated with respect to its genetic diversity. Herein, we surveyed the genetic variation in the “Acquaviva red onion” (ARO), a landrace with a century-old history of cultivation in a small town in the province of Bari (Apulia, Southern of Italy). A set of 11 microsatellite markers were used to explore the genetic variation in a germplasm collection consisting of 13 ARO populations and three common commercial types. Analyses of genetic structure with parametric and non-parametric methods highlighted that the ARO represents a well-defined gene pool, clearly distinct from the Tropea and Montoro landraces with which it is often mistaken. In order to provide a description of bulbs, usually used for fresh consumption, soluble solid content and pungency were evaluated, showing higher sweetness in the ARO with respect to the two above mentioned landraces. Overall, the present study is useful for the future valorization of the ARO, which could be promoted through quality labels which could contribute to limit commercial frauds and improve the income of smallholders.

scholarly journals Higher genetic diversity on mountain tops: the role of historical and contemporary processes in shaping genetic variation in the bank vole

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Cornetti ◽  
Mélissa Lemoine ◽  
Daniela Hilfiker ◽  
Jennifer Morger ◽  
Kevin Reeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Bank Vole

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Local Accessions of Dimocarpus longan Revealed By ISSR Markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiq Dina Mariana ◽  
A. Sugiyatno ◽  
A. Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dimocarpus Longan ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Institute

<p>Keragaman Genetik Aksesi Lenggkeng Lokal Dimocarpus longan Berdasarkan Penanda ISSR. Lengkeng telah berkembang di Indonesia, namun studi tentang tanaman ini belum banyak dilakukan. Studi untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik lengkeng lokal telah dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (Balitjestro) pada bulan Maret- April 2008. Penanda ISSR digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman genetik antar delapan genotipe lengkeng lokal yang telah dikoleksi oleh Balitjestro. Dendogram yang dibuat berdasarkan UPGMA menggunakan metode SAHN menunjukkan nilai kemiripan sebesar 0,34-0,86. Nilai kemiripan tertinggi diperoleh dari KL I dan KL II (0,86) dan nilai kemiripan terendah diperoleh dari KL I dan KL V/KL VI (0,34). Penanda ISSR dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi lengkeng dan dapat memberikan informasi yang berguna untuk program pemuliaan lengkeng di kemudian hari.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>There is no clear history of longan development in Indonesia even though it has developed well in Indonesia for many years. The study aimed at revealing genetic of diversity of local longan was done in Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Research Institute (ICSFRI) from March to April 2008. ISSR markers were employed to identify the genetic variation among eight morphologically more or less alike accessions of longan ssp. Matrix data was counted and dendogram of samples was constructed using UPGMA and SAHN method. The cluster showed similarity value 0.34-0.86. The highest similarity value was observed between KL I and KL II (0.86) while the lowest one was obtained between KL I and KL V/KL VI (0.34). ISSR markers were able to identify the genetic diversity of longan and were helpful to provide information on genetic diversities especially for future breeding programs.</p>

Unveiling patterns of genetic variation in parasite–host associations: an example with pinworms and Neotropical primates

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Solórzano García ◽  
Amanda D. Melin ◽  
Filippo Aureli ◽  
Gerardo Pérez Ponce de León
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Central America ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Spider Monkey ◽  
Neotropical Primates ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
History Of

AbstractPatterns of genetic variation among populations can reveal the evolutionary history of species. Pinworm parasites are highly host specific and form strong co-evolutionary associations with their primate hosts. Here, we describe the genetic variation observed in four Trypanoxyuris species infecting different howler and spider monkey subspecies in Central America to determine if historical dispersal processes and speciation in the host could explain the genetic patterns observed in the parasites. Mitochondrial (cox1) and ribosomal (28S) DNA were analysed to assess genetic divergence and phylogenetic history of these parasites. Sequences of the 28S gene were identical within pinworms species regardless of host subspecies. However, phylogenetic analyses, haplotype relationships and genetic divergence with cox1 showed differentiation between pinworm populations according to host subspecies in three of the four Trypanoxyuris species analysed. Haplotype separation between host subspecies was not observed in Trypanoxyuris minutus, nor in Trypanoxyuris atelis from Ateles geoffoyi vellerosus and Ateles geoffoyi yucatanensis. Levels of genetic diversity and divergence in these parasites relate with such estimates reported for their hosts. This study shows how genetic patterns uncovered in parasitic organisms can reflect the host phylogenetic and biogeographic histories.

scholarly journals Trunk perimeter correlates with genetic bottleneck intensity and the level of genetic diversity in populations of Taxus baccata L

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Stefanowska ◽  
Katarzyna Meyza ◽  
Grzegorz Iszkuło ◽  
Igor J. Chybicki
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Genetic Bottleneck ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Census Size ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Key message Taxus baccata remnants established recently tend to contribute less to the species’ overall genetic variation than historical populations because they are subjected to a greater impact of the founder effect and genetic isolation. As tree trunk perimeter is a rough indicator of genetic variation in a population, this measure should be considered in conservation programs. Context Genetic variation within Taxus baccata (L.) populations is not associated with the current census size but correlates well with the effective size, suggesting that genetic drift intensity reflects variation in demographic histories. Aims We hypothesize that recently established populations are subjected to greater bottleneck than old remnants. Using the mean trunk perimeter as a surrogate of tree age, we test whether the demographic history and genetic variation are associated with the mean tree age. Methods Using 18 microsatellite markers, we analyze the genetic diversity and demographic history of 11 yew populations in Poland to assess the relationship between the mean trunk perimeter and the inferred genetic parameters. Results Populations reveal significant differences in levels of genetic variation and in the intensity and time of genetic bottleneck. After excluding an apparent outlier, the genetic variation is significantly greater while the bottleneck intensity lower in populations with a greater perimeter. Conclusion Due to continuous species decline and increasing fragmentation, the non-uniform contribution of yew remnants to the overall genetic variation tends to decrease together with the mean tree age. Germplasm collections for the species should take into account tree perimeter as a rough indicator of the genetic variation of a population.

Conservation of cattle genetic resources: the role of breeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. FELIUS ◽  
B. THEUNISSEN ◽  
J. A. LENSTRA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Online Appendix ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alphabetical List

SUMMARYFocusing on cattle (Bos taurus, Bos indicus), the present paper discusses the concept of the breed in the context of the dynamic history of livestock domestication. A breed categorization is proposed on the basis of how the breeds came into existence. The online Appendix (available at http://journals.cambridge.org/AGS) presents a survey of the cattle breeds of the world consisting of: (1) a list of breeds per country and then subdivided according to the proposed categories; (2) a list of breed names, including synonyms and translations, ordered according to a comprehensive breed classification; and (3) an alphabetical list of these names. The commonly accepted perceptions of breeds and how these are influenced by the nomenclature are described. Considering the history of breeds, it is argued that conservation of genetic diversity does not necessarily imply conservation of breeds. However, breeds are instrumental for the conservation of genetic diversity as independent genetic management units. These considerations may very well be extrapolated to other domestic species.

Biodiversity at the molecular genetic level: experiences from disparate macroorganisms

1994 ◽  
Vol 345 (1311) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Term Maintenance

Genetic variation is the basis of adaptive flexibility in populations and is the ultimate evolutionary basis of much species and community-level diversity. Accordingly, the preservation and maintenance of genetic diversity has a high priority in many conservation programmes. This paper discusses how genetic diversity is measured at the molecular level, including some newer measures made possible with restriction site or DNA sequence data as well as the development of a phylogenetic approach to assessing the significance of genetic variation within a species. These measures of genetic diversity are then used to re-examine the validity of the 50/500 rule of conservation biology; a rule that states that populations should have no fewer than 50 individuals for short-term maintenance of genetic variation and no fewer than 500 individuals for long-term maintenance. Both the 50 and 500 parts of this rule are found to be invalid and frequently misleading. Instead of invoking ‘universal’ rules, conservation biologists should recognize the role of biodiversity in management policies. Not all species are the same, and we need more research and a willingness to try novel approaches rather than naively apply a ‘rule’ that has no demonstrable generality.

scholarly journals Changes in Genetic Diversity and Demographic History of Jankowski’s Bunting (Emberiza Jankowskii), as Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA and Microsatellite Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Huang ◽  
Guochen Feng ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Weiping Shang ◽  
Lishi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Inner Mongolia

Abstract The genetic variation and distribution of a population depend largely on the demographic history. For instance, populations that have recently experienced shrinkage usually have a lower genetic diversity. However, some endangered species with a narrow distribution have a high genetic diversity resulting from large historical population sizes and long generation times. In addition, very recent population bottlenecks may not be reflected in the population’s genetic information. In this study, we used a mitochondrial DNA marker and 15 microsatellite markers to reveal the genetic diversity, recent changes, inbreeding, and demographic history of a Jankowski’s bunting (Emberiza jankowskii) population in eastern Inner Mongolia. The results show that the genetic diversity of the population remained at a relatively stable and high level until recently. Severe population shrinkage did not result in a considerable lack of genetic variation because of the large historical population size and relatively short periods of human disturbance. In addition, introgression and gene flow among populations compensate for the loss of genetic variation to some extent. Considering the current small effective population size and the existence of inbreeding, we recommend that habitat protection be continued to maximize the genetic diversity of the Jankowski’s bunting population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document