scholarly journals Functional responses to climate change may increase invasive potential of Carpobrotus edulis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefina G. Campoy ◽  
Margarita Lema ◽  
Erola Fenollosa ◽  
Sergi Munné‐Bosch ◽  
Rubén Retuerto
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Carpobrotus Edulis

scholarly journals Climate change effects on macrofaunal litter decomposition: the interplay of temperature, body masses and stoichiometry

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1605) ◽  
pp. 3025-3032 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ott ◽  
Björn C. Rall ◽  
Ulrich Brose
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Compensatory Feeding

Macrofauna invertebrates of forest floors provide important functions in the decomposition process of soil organic matter, which is affected by the nutrient stoichiometry of the leaf litter. Climate change effects on forest ecosystems include warming and decreasing litter quality (e.g. higher C : nutrient ratios) induced by higher atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. While litter-bag experiments unravelled separate effects, a mechanistic understanding of how interactions between temperature and litter stoichiometry are driving decomposition rates is lacking. In a laboratory experiment, we filled this void by quantifying decomposer consumption rates analogous to predator–prey functional responses that include the mechanistic parameters handling time and attack rate. Systematically, we varied the body masses of isopods, the environmental temperature and the resource between poor (hornbeam) and good quality (ash). We found that attack rates increased and handling times decreased (i) with body masses and (ii) temperature. Interestingly, these relationships interacted with litter quality: small isopods possibly avoided the poorer resource, whereas large isopods exhibited increased, compensatory feeding of the poorer resource, which may be explained by their higher metabolic demands. The combination of metabolic theory and ecological stoichiometry provided critically important mechanistic insights into how warming and varying litter quality may modify macrofaunal decomposition rates.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic resistance and resilience under drought and rewatering in maize plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Qi ◽  
Xiaodi Liu ◽  
Yibo Li ◽  
He Song ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Precipitation Regimes

AbstractAbnormally altered precipitation patterns induced by climate change have profound global effects on crop production. However, the plant functional responses to various precipitation regimes remain unclear. Here, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine how maize plant functional traits respond to drought, flooding, and rewatering. Drought and flooding hampered photosynthetic capacity, particularly when severe and/or prolonged. Most photosynthetic traits recovered after rewatering, with few compensatory responses. Rewatering often elicited high photosynthetic resilience in plants exposed to severe drought at the end of plant development, with the response strongly depending on the drought severity/duration and plant growth stage. The associations of chlorophyll concentrations with photosynthetically functional activities were stronger during post-tasselling than pre-tasselling, implying an involvement of leaf age/senescence in responses to episodic drought and subsequent rewatering. Coordinated changes in chlorophyll content, gas exchange, fluorescence parameters (PSII quantum efficiency and photochemical/non-photochemical radiative energy dissipation) possibly contributed to the enhanced drought resistance and resilience and suggested a possible regulative trade-off. These findings provide fundamental insights into how plants regulate their functional traits to deal with sporadic alterations in precipitation. Breeding and management of plants with high resistance and resilience traits could help crop production under future climate change.

scholarly journals Climat change and its impact on the expansion of the area Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
I. Storchous
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

Goal. Analysis and generalization of the results of research on the problem of a global nature regarding the expansion of the range of the species Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. as a result of the impact of climate change. Methods. System-analytical, abstract-logical, empirical. Research results. According to research, scientists have predicted that A. artemisiifolia will shift to the northeast and expand its potential range in Europe due to climate change. It has been established that the spread of A. artemisiifolia is facilitated by global warming in Europe, which leads to the manifestation of high invasive potential of the species in wide ranges within Europe. Using ENM, scientists have clearly identified areas that are at risk of spreading and undergoing negative changes. Conclusions. Global warming, which has already taken place, continues to contribute to the further spread and manifestation of the invasive potential of A. artemisiifolia in Europe, according to the simulation results. Multilateral studies by foreign scientists on the impact of climate change on the spread of ragweed have shown that Ukraine is one of the countries in which this vicious species of weed will spread. Such research contributes to the effectiveness of decisions that depend on the protection and preservation of crops, the preservation of the country’s biodiversity, as well as the ability to take into account its impact on public health. Under such conditions, measures for monitoring and management of the species are extremely relevant.

scholarly journals Functional responses of recently emerged seedlings of an endemic Mexican oak (Quercus eduardii) under climate change conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Ernesto I. Badano ◽  
Francisco A. Guerra-Coss ◽  
Sandra M. Gelviz-Gelvez ◽  
Joel Flores ◽  
Pablo Delgado-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Climate Change Simulation ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Climate change will increase temperature and reduce rainfall across temperate forests of Mexico. This can alter tree establishment dynamics within forest and in neighbouring man-made clearings.</p><p><strong>Hypotheses:</strong> Climate change will reduce emergence and survival of tree seedlings, and surviving plants will display functional responses matching with these changes. These effects should be more noticeable in clearings due to the lack of canopy cover.</p><p><strong>Studied species</strong>: <em>Quercus eduardii</em> (Fagaceae, section <em>Lobatae</em>) an oak species endemic to Mexico.</p><p><strong>Study site and years of study</strong>: Tree growing season 2015-2016 (rainy season) in a mature oak forest and a neighbouring clearing in Sierra de Álvarez, state of San Luis Potosí.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In both habitats, we established control plots (under current climatic conditions) and climate change simulation plots (increased temperature and reduced rainfall). At the beginning of the growing season, we sowed acorns of <em>Q. eduardii</em> in these plots and monitored the emergence, survival and growth of seedlings. At the end of the growing season, we assessed functional responses on surviving seedlings.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Seedling emergence and survival were lower in climate change plots from both habitats. However, differences in survival between climate treatments were larger within the forest. Seedlings from climate change plots displayed functional responses indicating higher levels of thermal and water stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicates that climate change will constrain tree recruitment in Mexican oak forests. However, contrary to our expectations, it seems that these effects will be higher within forests than in man-made clearings.</p>

Ants of the Caatinga: Diversity, Biogeography, and Functional Responses to Anthropogenic Disturbance and Climate Change

Caatinga ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 65-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inara R. Leal ◽  
José Domingos Ribeiro-Neto ◽  
Xavier Arnan ◽  
Fernanda M. P. Oliveira ◽  
Gabriela B. Arcoverde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Functional Responses

Ecophysiological traits and activity patterns of coleopterans from Atacama Desert provide clues to the functional responses of small ectotherms to climate change

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Tirado ◽  
Daniel Trujillo ◽  
Jaime Pizarro-Araya ◽  
Fermín M. Alfaro ◽  
Sylvana González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Ecophysiological Traits

scholarly journals Structural and functional responses of invertebrate communities to climate change and flow regulation in alpine catchments

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1612-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bruno ◽  
Oscar Belmar ◽  
Anthony Maire ◽  
Adrien Morel ◽  
Bernard Dumont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Flow Regulation ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Invertebrate Communities ◽  
Alpine Catchments

scholarly journals Secondary calcification and dissolution respond differently to future ocean conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Silbiger ◽  
M. J. Donahue
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Calcification Rate ◽  
Coral Rubble ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Secondary Calcification

Abstract. Climate change threatens both the accretion and erosion processes that sustain coral reefs. Secondary calcification, bioerosion, and reef dissolution are integral to the structural complexity and long-term persistence of coral reefs, yet these processes have received less research attention than reef accretion by corals. In this study, we use climate scenarios from RCP 8.5 to examine the combined effects of rising ocean acidity and sea surface temperature (SST) on both secondary calcification and dissolution rates of a natural coral rubble community using a flow-through aquarium system. We found that secondary reef calcification and dissolution responded differently to the combined effect of pCO2 and temperature. Calcification had a non-linear response to the combined effect of pCO2 and temperature: the highest calcification rate occurred slightly above ambient conditions and the lowest calcification rate was in the highest temperature–pCO2 condition. In contrast, dissolution increased linearly with temperature–pCO2 . The rubble community switched from net calcification to net dissolution at +271 μatm pCO2 and 0.75 °C above ambient conditions, suggesting that rubble reefs may shift from net calcification to net dissolution before the end of the century. Our results indicate that (i) dissolution may be more sensitive to climate change than calcification and (ii) that calcification and dissolution have different functional responses to climate stressors; this highlights the need to study the effects of climate stressors on both calcification and dissolution to predict future changes in coral reefs.

scholarly journals Shifting Global Invasive Potential of European Plants with Climate Change

PLoS ONE ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. e2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Townsend Peterson ◽  
Aimee Stewart ◽  
Kamal I. Mohamed ◽  
Miguel B. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Invasive Potential
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