The role of genome duplication in big sagebrush growth and fecundity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce A. Richardson ◽  
Matthew J. Germino ◽  
Marcus V. Warwell ◽  
Sven Buerki
Keyword(s):  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Big Sagebrush

The role of MCM proteins in the cell cycle control of genome duplication

BioEssays ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Kearsey ◽  
Domenico Maiorano ◽  
Eddie C. Holmes ◽  
Ivan T. Todorov
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Mcm Proteins

scholarly journals Coupling DNA Replication and Spindle Function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3359
Author(s):  
Dimitris Liakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Spindle Dynamics ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
Spindle Function

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA replication and spindle assembly can overlap. Therefore, signaling mechanisms modulate spindle dynamics in order to ensure correct timing of chromosome segregation relative to genome duplication, especially when replication is incomplete or the DNA becomes damaged. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that coordinate DNA replication and spindle dynamics, as well as on the role of spindle-dependent forces in DNA repair. Understanding the coupling between genome duplication and spindle function in yeast cells can provide important insights into similar processes operating in other eukaryotic organisms, including humans.

scholarly journals BRAFV600E induces reversible mitotic arrest in human melanocytes via microrna-mediated suppression of AURKB

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S McNeal ◽  
Rachel L Belote ◽  
Hanlin Zeng ◽  
Marcus Urquijo ◽  
Kendra Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Human Melanocytes ◽  
Reciprocal Expression ◽  
Benign Melanocytic Nevi

Benign melanocytic nevi frequently emerge when an acquired BRAFV600E mutation triggers unchecked proliferation and subsequent arrest in melanocytes. Recent observations have challenged the role of oncogene-induced senescence in melanocytic nevus formation, necessitating investigations into alternative mechanisms for the establishment and maintenance of proliferation arrest in nevi. We compared the transcriptomes of melanocytes from healthy human skin, nevi, and melanomas arising from nevi and identified a set of microRNAs as highly expressed nevus-enriched transcripts. Two of these microRNAs—MIR211-5p and MIR328-3p—induced mitotic failure, genome duplication, and proliferation arrest in human melanocytes through convergent targeting of AURKB. We demonstrate that BRAFV600E induces a similar proliferation arrest in primary human melanocytes that is both reversible and conditional. Specifically, BRAFV600E expression stimulates either arrest or proliferation depending on the differentiation state of the melanocyte. We report genome duplication in human melanocytic nevi, reciprocal expression of AURKB and microRNAs in nevi and melanomas, and rescue of arrested human nevus cells with AURKB expression. Taken together, our data describe an alternative molecular mechanism for melanocytic nevus formation that is congruent with both experimental and clinical observations.

scholarly journals Species-rich and polyploid-poor: Insights into the evolutionary role of whole-genome duplication from the Cape flora biodiversity hotspot

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 1336-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Oberlander ◽  
Léanne L. Dreyer ◽  
Peter Goldblatt ◽  
Jan Suda ◽  
H. Peter Linder
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Duplication ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Role

scholarly journals Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1648) ◽  
pp. 20130352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Ramsey ◽  
Tara S. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

Polyploidy is a mutation with profound phenotypic consequences and thus hypothesized to have transformative effects in plant ecology. This is most often considered in the context of geographical and environmental distributions—as achieved from divergence of physiological and life-history traits—but may also include species interactions and biological invasion. This paper presents a historical overview of hypotheses and empirical data regarding the ecology of polyploids. Early researchers of polyploidy (1910s–1930s) were geneticists by training but nonetheless savvy to its phenotypic effects, and speculated on the importance of genome duplication to adaptation and crop improvement. Cytogenetic studies in the 1930s–1950s indicated that polyploids are larger (sturdier foliage, thicker stems and taller stature) than diploids while cytogeographic surveys suggested that polyploids and diploids have allopatric or parapatric distributions. Although autopolyploidy was initially regarded as common, influential writings by North American botanists in the 1940s and 1950s argued for the principle role of allopolyploidy; according to this view, genome duplication was significant for providing a broader canvas for hybridization rather than for its phenotypic effects per se . The emphasis on allopolyploidy had a chilling effect on nascent ecological work, in part due to taxonomic challenges posed by interspecific hybridization. Nonetheless, biosystematic efforts over the next few decades (1950s–1970s) laid the foundation for ecological research by documenting cytotype distributions and identifying phenotypic correlates of polyploidy. Rigorous investigation of polyploid ecology was achieved in the 1980s and 1990s by population biologists who leveraged flow cytometry for comparative work in autopolyploid complexes. These efforts revealed multi-faceted ecological and phenotypic differences, some of which may be direct consequences of genome duplication. Several classical hypotheses about the ecology of polyploids remain untested, however, and allopolyploidy—regarded by most botanists as the primary mode of genome duplication—is largely unstudied in an ecological context.

scholarly journals Distinguish between Duplication of Essential Genes and Duplication of Dispensable Genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Gu
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Duplication ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Essential Gene ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Essential Genes ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Computational Pipeline ◽  
Genetic Robustness ◽  
Genetic Buffering

AbstractWhen a dispensable gene is duplicated (ancestral dispensability), genetic buffering and duplicate compensation together maintain the gene dispensability, whereas duplicate compensation is the only mechanism when an essential gene is duplicated (ancestral essentiality). To explore the distinct pattern of genetic robustness between these evolutionary scenarios, we formulated a probabilistic model with some biologically reasonable assumptions for analyzing a set of duplicate pairs with three possible states: double-dispensable (DD), semi-dispensable (one dispensable one essential, DE) or double-essential (EE). A computational pipeline is then developed to predict the distribution of three states (DD, DE and EE) conditional of ancestral dispensability or essentiality, respectively. This model was applied to yeast duplicate pairs from a whole-genome duplication, revealing that the process of essentiality of those duplicated from essential genes could be significantly higher than that of those duplicated from dispensable genes. We thus proposed a hypothesis that the process of sub-functionalization may be faster than neo-functionalization. Our analysis may provide some new insights about the role of duplicate compensation on genetic robustness.

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