scholarly journals Facilitation with a grain of salt: reduced pollinator visitation is an indirect cost of association with the foundation species creosote bush ( Larrea tridentata )

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 1342-1354
Author(s):  
Jenna Braun ◽  
Christopher J. Lortie
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Cost ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Foundation Species ◽  
Creosote Bush ◽  
Pollinator Visitation

A new species of Brethesiella (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from California, USA, a parasitoid of Steatococcus tabernicolus (Hemiptera: Margarodidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1167 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR A. TRJAPITZIN ◽  
SERGUEI V. TRIAPITSYN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mojave Desert ◽  
New World ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Creosote Bush ◽  
Type Series ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the encyrtid wasp genus Brethesiella Porter, 1920 is described from the Mojave Desert in California, USA. The type series of B. mojave sp. n. was reared from the margarodid scale Steatococcus tabernicolus Ferris on creosote bush, Larrea tridentata. The genus Aztecencyrtus Timberlake, 1926 is synonymized under Brethesiella and its two described species are transferred to the latter as B. flava (Timberlake, 1926) comb. n. and B. iceryae (Howard, 1892) comb. n. A brief review of the encyrtid parasitoids of Margarodidae, a diagnosis of Brethesiella, and an annotated key to its six described species with known females in the New World are provided.

Cervidellus sonorensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Cephalobidae) from the desert of Anza-Borrego, CA, USA

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Ragsdale ◽  
Manuel Mundo -Ocampo ◽  
Daniel J. Bumbarger ◽  
James G. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Creosote Bush ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Parthenogenetic Species ◽  
Male Individual ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses

Abstract Cervidellus sonorensis n. sp. is described from sand near the roots of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) from Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, CA, USA. It is distinguished from others in the genus by the combination of a greatly distended, guitar-shaped corpus and the morphology of the lips and labial probolae. Distinctive features include a large pharyngeal metacorpus with a double swelling, a knob-like ledge at the base of each labial probola and lips with five filamentous tines, the most apical of which are those closest to the primary axil. One male individual was discovered in this parthenogenetic species. Characters used to diagnose C. sonorensis n. sp. are not definitive with respect to other genera and are probably plesiomorphic or convergent in light of DNA-based phylogenetic hypotheses. The position of C. sonorensis n. sp. and morphologically close congeners in relation to species of Nothacrobeles and Paracrobeles is discussed.

scholarly journals Ambient temperature influences tolerance to plant secondary compounds in a mammalian herbivore

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1822) ◽  
pp. 20152387 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kurnath ◽  
N. D. Merz ◽  
M. D. Dearing
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Creosote Bush ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Plant Secondary Compounds ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Neotoma Lepida ◽  
Mammalian Herbivore

Growing evidence suggests that plant secondary compounds (PSCs) ingested by mammals become more toxic at elevated ambient temperatures, a phenomenon known as temperature-dependent toxicity. We investigated temperature-dependent toxicity in the desert woodrat ( Neotoma lepida ), a herbivorous rodent that naturally encounters PSCs in creosote bush ( Larrea tridentata ), which is a major component of its diet. First, we determined the maximum dose of creosote resin ingested by woodrats at warm (28–29°C) or cool (21–22°C) temperatures. Second, we controlled the daily dose of creosote resin ingested at warm, cool and room (25°C) temperatures, and measured persistence in feeding trials. At the warm temperature, woodrats ingested significantly less creosote resin; their maximum dose was two-thirds that of animals at the cool temperature. Moreover, woodrats at warm and room temperatures could not persist on the same dose of creosote resin as woodrats at the cool temperature. Our findings demonstrate that warmer temperatures reduce PSC intake and tolerance in herbivorous rodents, highlighting the potentially adverse consequences of temperature-dependent toxicity. These results will advance the field of herbivore ecology and may hone predictions of mammalian responses to climate change.

Resprout characteristics of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) when subjected to repeated vehicle damage

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur C Gibson ◽  
M Rasoul Sharifi ◽  
Philip W Rundel
Keyword(s):  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Creosote Bush

Absorption of copper(II) by creosote bush (Larrea tridentata): Use of atomic and x-ray absorption spectroscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2572-2579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Luis Gardea-Torresdey ◽  
Socorro Arteaga ◽  
Kirk J. Tiemann ◽  
Russell Chianelli ◽  
Nicholas Pingitore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Creosote Bush ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

scholarly journals Trio-binned genomes of the woodrats Neotoma bryanti and N. lepida reveal novel gene islands and rapid copy number evolution of xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome p450 genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Greenhalgh ◽  
Matthew L. Holding ◽  
Teri J. Orr ◽  
James B. Henderson ◽  
Thomas L. Parchman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Creosote Bush ◽  
P450 Gene ◽  
Novel Gene ◽  
Genomic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Toxic Food ◽  
Neotoma Bryanti

AbstractThe genomic architecture underlying the origins and maintenance of biodiversity is an increasingly accessible feature of species, due in large part to third-generation sequencing and novel analytical toolsets. Woodrats of the genus Neotoma provide a unique opportunity to study how vertebrate herbivores respond to climate change, as two sister species (N. bryanti and N. lepida) independently achieved a major dietary feat – switching to the novel and toxic food source creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) – in the aftermath of a natural warming event. To better understand the genetic mechanisms underlying this ability, we employed a trio binning sequencing approach with a N. bryanti × N. lepida F1 hybrid, resulting in phased, chromosome-level, highly complete, haploid genome assemblies for each species from one individual. Using these new assemblies, we explored the genomic architecture of three cytochrome p450 subfamilies (2A, 2B, and 3A) that play key roles in the metabolism of naturally occurring toxic dietary compounds. We found that woodrats show expansions of all three p450 gene families, including the evolution of multiple novel gene islands within the 2B and 3A subfamilies. Our assemblies demonstrate that trio binning from an F1 hybrid rodent effectively recovers parental genomes from species that diverged more than a million years ago. Turnover and novelty in detoxification gene islands in herbivores is widespread within distinct p450 subfamilies, and may have provided the crucial substrate for dietary adaptation during environmental change.

Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid in Therapeutics: Beneficial to Toxicity Profiles and the Search for its Analogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-103
Author(s):  
Geraldine Sandana Mala John ◽  
Satoru Takeuchi ◽  
Ganesh Venkatraman ◽  
Suresh Kumar Rayala
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Creosote Bush ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Chemical Derivatives ◽  
Continue Research ◽  
Derivatives Of

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a plant lignan obtained from creosote bush, Larrea tridentata and is known to possess antioxidant, anticancer activities and is used in traditional medicine in North America and Mexico. However, its prolonged consumption leads to liver damage and kidney dysfunction. Despite its toxicity and side effects, there is little awareness to forbid its consumption and its use in the treatment of medical ailments has continued over the years. Several reports discuss its therapeutic efficiency and its medical applications have tremendously been on the rise to date. There has been a recent surge of interest in the chemical synthesis of NDGA derivatives for therapeutic applications. NDGA derivatives have been developed as better alternatives to NDGA. Although several NDGA derivatives have been chemically synthesized as evidenced by recent literature, there is a paucity of information on their therapeutic efficacies. This review is to highlight the medicinal applications of NDGA, its toxicity evaluations and discuss the chemical derivatives of NDGA synthesized and studied so far and suggest to continue research interests in the development of NDGA analogs for therapeutic applications. We suggest that NDGA derivatives should be investigated more in terms of chemical synthesis with preferred conformational structures and exploit their biological potentials with future insights to explore in this direction to design and develop structurally modified NDGA derivatives for potential pharmacological properties.

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