scholarly journals The invasive plant Solidago canadensis exhibits partial local adaptation to low salinity at germination but not at later life‐history stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifei Jin ◽  
Yongge Yuan ◽  
Fanglei Gao ◽  
Ayub M.O. Oduor ◽  
Junmin Li
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Low Salinity

scholarly journals Early exposure to UV radiation causes telomere shortening and poorer condition later in life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas U Lundsgaard ◽  
Rebecca L. Cramp ◽  
Craig E Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Trade Offs

Determining the contribution of elevated ultraviolet–B radiation (UVBR; 280 — 315 nm) to amphibian population declines is being hindered by a lack of knowledge about how different acute UVBR exposure regimes during early life history stages might affect post–metamorphic stages via long–term carryover effects. We acutely exposed tadpoles of the Australian green tree frog (Litoria caerulea) to a combination of different UVBR irradiances and doses in a multi–factorial experiment, and then reared them to metamorphosis in the absence of UVBR to assess carryover effects in subsequent juvenile frogs. Dose and irradiance of acute UVBR exposure influenced carryover effects into metamorphosis in somewhat opposing manners. Higher doses of UVBR exposure in larvae yielded improved rates of metamorphosis. However, exposure at a high irradiance resulted in frogs metamorphosing smaller in size and in poorer condition than frogs exposed to low and medium irradiance UVBR as larvae. We also demonstrate some of the first empirical evidence of UVBR-induced telomere shortening in vivo, which is one possible mechanism for life–history trade–offs impacting condition post-metamorphosis. These findings contribute to our understanding of how acute UVBR exposure regimes in early life affect later life–history stages, which has implications for how this stressor may shape population dynamics.

Hydraulic geometry as a physical template for the River Continuum: application to optimal flows and longitudinal trends in salmonid habitat

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan S Rosenfeld ◽  
John Post ◽  
Geneva Robins ◽  
Todd Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Channel Structure ◽  
Hydraulic Geometry ◽  
River Continuum ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Small Streams

The River Continuum Concept lacks a quantitative physical model to represent downstream trends in habitat. We evaluate whether hydraulic geometry relationships can be used as a physical template to predict longitudinal trends in habitat availability and optimal flows for different life-history stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Optimal flows based on hydraulic geometry indicate that (i) optimal flows are higher for larger fish, (ii) optimal flows proportionally increase as streams became smaller and decrease downstream, and (iii) maximum predicted habitat suitabilities for fry and juveniles are in small streams, and maximum suitabilities are displaced progressively downstream for later life-history stages. These patterns are an emergent property of downstream increases in channel depth and velocity and changes in habitat suitability curves associated with increased swimming performance of larger fish. Nonlinear downstream trends in habitat imply that fixed flow percentages recommended by the Tenant method may substantially underestimate optimal flows in small streams. Despite oversimplifying complex channel structure, hydraulic geometry relationships should serve as a useful physical model for testing downstream trends in habitat-related processes along the river continuum.

Salinity-related polymorphism in the brackish-water diatom Cyclotella cryptica

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1285-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Valve Morphology ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Polymorphic Species ◽  
Pattern Characteristic ◽  
Cyclotella Cryptica

The brackish-water diatom Cyclotella cryptica is a polymorphic species. Nine clones are capable of producing the valve pattern characteristic of the species C. meneghiniana, as well as the C. cryptica pattern. A study of the effects of salinity and freshwater conditions on the morphology of the valve shows that the cryptica pattern is produced in salinities of about 4.3‰ to full-strength seawater, 28.7‰. The "meneghiniana" pattern is the freshwater or low salinity (1.4‰) form. Characteristics of the valve morphology and life history stages which distinguish C. cryptica from C. meneghiniana and Cyclotella sp., clone 03A, are presented and discussed.

Reproductive biology in an invasive plant Solidago canadensis

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Huang ◽  
Shuiliang Guo ◽  
Guoqi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Solidago Canadensis

scholarly journals The movement ecology of seagrasses

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1795) ◽  
pp. 20140878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn McMahon ◽  
Kor-jent van Dijk ◽  
Leonardo Ruiz-Montoya ◽  
Gary A. Kendrick ◽  
Siegfried L. Krauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Time Movement

A movement ecology framework is applied to enhance our understanding of the causes, mechanisms and consequences of movement in seagrasses: marine, clonal, flowering plants. Four life-history stages of seagrasses can move: pollen, sexual propagules, vegetative fragments and the spread of individuals through clonal growth. Movement occurs on the water surface, in the water column, on or in the sediment, via animal vectors and through spreading clones. A capacity for long-distance dispersal and demographic connectivity over multiple timeframes is the novel feature of the movement ecology of seagrasses with significant evolutionary and ecological consequences. The space–time movement footprint of different life-history stages varies. For example, the distance moved by reproductive propagules and vegetative expansion via clonal growth is similar, but the timescales range exponentially, from hours to months or centuries to millennia, respectively. Consequently, environmental factors and key traits that interact to influence movement also operate on vastly different spatial and temporal scales. Six key future research areas have been identified.

Antifungal and allelopathic activities of sesquiterpenes from Solidago canadensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Liu ◽  
Meina Song ◽  
Yulin Sun ◽  
Fengying Yang ◽  
Haina Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

: One new eudesmane sesquiterpene (1) and one new chromolaevane sesquiterpene (2), along with 19 known compounds, have been isolated from the invasive plant Solidago canadensis. Their structures were established by spectroscopic means including 1D/2D-NMR and HR-ESIMS analyses. Compounds 10 and 12, in combination with fluconazole, showed significant activity in an in vitro synergistic antifungal assay against Candida albicans, with FIC values of <0.15625 and <0.28125, respectively. Meanwhile, the allelopathic effects of these sesquiterpenes on Arabidopsis seed germination were also tested. Compounds 5, 7, 17 and 18 retarded the seed germination of Arabidopsis with IC50 values ranging from 9.1 to 41 μg/mL, while other compounds showed no obvious inhibitory effects.

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