scholarly journals Endosperm genome dosage, hybrid seed failure, and parental imprinting: sexual selection as an alternative to parental conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Clément Lafon Placette
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Parental Conflict ◽  
Parental Imprinting

scholarly journals Patterns of hybrid seed inviability in perennials of the Mimulus guttatus sp. complex reveal a potential role of parental conflict in reproductive isolation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenn M. Coughlan ◽  
Maya Wilson Brown ◽  
John H. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Parental Conflict ◽  
Reproductive Barriers ◽  
Hybrid Inviability ◽  
Parent Of Origin

SummaryGenomic conflicts may play a central role in the evolution of reproductive barriers. Theory predicts that early-onset hybrid inviability may stem from conflict between parents for resource allocation to offspring. Here we describe M. decorus; a group of cryptic species within the M. guttatus species complex that are largely reproductively isolated by hybrid seed inviability (HSI). HSI between M. guttatus and M. decorus is common and strong, but populations of M. decorus vary in the magnitude and directionality of HSI with M. guttatus. Patterns of HSI between M. guttatus and M. decorus, as well as within M. decorus conform to the predictions of parental conflict: (1) reciprocal F1s exhibit size differences and parent-of-origin specific endosperm defects, (2) the extent of asymmetry between reciprocal F1 seed size is correlated with asymmetry in HSI, and (3) inferred differences in the extent of conflict predict the extent of HSI between populations. We also find that HSI is rapidly evolving, as populations that exhibit the most HSI are each others’ closest relative. Lastly, while all populations are largely outcrossing, we find that the differences in the inferred strength of conflict scale positively with π, suggesting that demographic or life history factors other than mating system may also influence the rate of parental conflict driven evolution. Overall, these patterns suggest the rapid evolution of parent-of-origin specific resource allocation alleles coincident with HSI within and between M. guttatus and M. decorus. Parental conflict may therefore be an important evolutionary driver of reproductive isolation.

scholarly journals Parallel patterns of development between independent cases of hybrid seed inviability in Mimulus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenn M. Coughlan ◽  
John H. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Reproductive Barrier ◽  
Parental Conflict ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Parallel Patterns ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effects

SummaryRationaleHybrid seed inviability (HSI) is a common reproductive barrier in angiosperms, yet the evolutionary and developmental drivers of HSI remain largely unknown. We test whether conflict between maternal and paternal interests in resource allocation to developing offspring (i.e. parental conflict) are associated with HSI and determine the degree of developmental parallelism between independent incidences of HSI in Mimulus.MethodsWe quantified HSI between M. guttatus and two clades of M. decorus with oppositely asymmetric incompatibilities and surveyed development of hybrid and parental seeds.Key ResultsCrosses between M. guttatus and both clades of M. decorus show parent-of-origin effects on reciprocal F1 seed development, but in opposing directions. Inviable hybrid seeds exhibit paternal excess phenotypes, wherein endosperm is large and chaotic while viable hybrid seeds produce endosperm cells that are smaller and less prolific (i.e. maternal-excess phenotypes).Main ConclusionsWe find strong parent-of-origin effects on development in reciprocal F1s in multiple incidences of HSI in Mimulus. These patterns suggest that parental conflict may be an important force generating HSI in this group, and mismatches between maternal and paternal contributions to developing seeds result in repeatable developmental defects in hybrids.

scholarly journals Differences in effective ploidy as drivers of genome-wide endosperm expression asymmetries and seed failure in wild tomato hybrids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgane Roth ◽  
Ana M. Florez-Rueda ◽  
Thomas Städler
Keyword(s):  
Gene Families ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Parental Conflict ◽  
Postzygotic Isolation ◽  
Paternal Genome ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genome Wide Expression ◽  
Experimental Crosses

AbstractEndosperm misdevelopment leading to hybrid seed failure is a common cause of postzygotic isolation in angiosperms and is observed in both interploidy and homoploid crosses between closely related lineages. Moreover, parental dosage is critical for successful endosperm and seed development, typically requiring a ratio of two maternal to one paternal genome(s) in within-species crosses. The recently revived concept of ‘effective ploidy’ can largely explain the outcome of experimental crosses that (partly) ameliorate hybrid seed failure by manipulating the actual ploidy in one of the parents. However, genome-wide expression perturbations concomitant with levels of hybrid seed failure have yet to be reported. The tomato clade (Solanum section Lycopersicon), encompassing closely related diploids with partial-to-complete hybrid seed failure and diverse mating systems, provides outstanding opportunities to study these issues. Here we compared replicated endosperm transcriptomes from six crosses within and among three wild tomato lineages. Strikingly, both strongly inviable hybrid crosses displayed conspicuous, asymmetric expression perturbations with strong signatures of cross direction. In particular, Solanum peruvianum, the species inferred to have evolved higher effective ploidy than the other two, drove hybrid expression landscapes in both maternal and paternal roles. This global expression divergence was mirrored in functionally important gene families such as transcription factors and E3 ubiquitin ligases, and revealed differences in cell-cycle tuning between lineages that match phenotypic differences in developing endosperm and mature seed size between reciprocal crosses. Our work initiates the exploration of links between parental conflict, genomic imprinting, expression dosage and hybrid seed failure in flowering plants.

Adolescents' Response to Parental Conflict Predicts Aggression

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Davis ◽  
H. Hops ◽  
A. Alpert ◽  
L Sheeber
Keyword(s):  
Parental Conflict

Adult-Attachment Mediating Perceptions of Parental Conflict and Adjustment

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Cusimano ◽  
Shelley A. Riggs ◽  
Sara E. Pollard ◽  
Laura Cawley ◽  
Lindsey Flory
Keyword(s):  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Parental Conflict
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