Origin, differentiation and renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small intestine IV. Paneth cells

1974 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Paneth Cells ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine

scholarly journals Fibroblast growth factor 10 alters the balance between goblet and Paneth cells in the adult mouse small intestine

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (8) ◽  
pp. G678-G690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Al Alam ◽  
Soula Danopoulos ◽  
Kathy Schall ◽  
Frederic G. Sala ◽  
Dana Almohazey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Paneth Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 ◽  
Goblet Cell Differentiation

Intestinal epithelial cell renewal relies on the right balance of epithelial cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Intestinal epithelial cells consist of absorptive and secretory lineage. The latter is comprised of goblet, Paneth, and enteroendocrine cells. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) plays a central role in epithelial cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation in several organs. The expression pattern of FGF10 and its receptors in both human and mouse intestine and their role in small intestine have yet to be investigated. First, we analyzed the expression of FGF10, FGFR1, and FGFR2, in the human ileum and throughout the adult mouse small intestine. We found that FGF10, FGFR1b, and FGFR2b are expressed in the human ileum as well as in the mouse small intestine. We then used transgenic mouse models to overexpress Fgf10 and a soluble form of Fgfr2b, to study the impact of gain or loss of Fgf signaling in the adult small intestine. We demonstrated that overexpression of Fgf10 in vivo and in vitro induces goblet cell differentiation while decreasing Paneth cells. Moreover, FGF10 decreases stem cell markers such as Lgr5, Lrig1, Hopx, Ascl2, and Sox9. FGF10 inhibited Hes1 expression in vitro, suggesting that FGF10 induces goblet cell differentiation likely through the inhibition of Notch signaling. Interestingly, Fgf10 overexpression for 3 days in vivo and in vitro increased the number of Mmp7/Muc2 double-positive cells, suggesting that goblet cells replace Paneth cells. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism by which Fgf10 alters cell differentiation in the small intestine.

Regulation of gene expression in gastric epithelial cell populations of fetal, neonatal, and adult transgenic mice

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. G186-G197 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Roth ◽  
S. M. Cohn ◽  
D. C. Rubin ◽  
J. F. Trahair ◽  
M. R. Neutra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Fabp Gene

Little is known about lineage relationships and differentiation programs of various epithelial cells present in mouse gastric units. We have previously used rat liver fatty acid binding protein/human growth hormone (L-FABP/hGH) transgenes to define epithelial cell lineages relationships in the small intestine of fetal and adult mice and to examine regulation of their terminal differentiation programs along the crypt-to-villus and duodenal-to-ileal axes. We have now used these transgenes to explore similar issues in the stomach. Immunocytochemical studies of fetal and adult transgenic L-FABP/hGH animals and their normal littermates revealed that the intact endogenous mouse L-FABP gene (Fabpl) is not expressed in gastric epithelium. Nucleotides-596 to +21 of the rat L-FABP gene direct "inappropriate" expression of hGH in the gastric epithelium as early as fetal day 15. From 1 to 13 mo, L-FABP-596 to +21/hGH expression occurs only in surface mucous cells of zymogenic and mucous gastric units; the reporter is not detectable in the enteroendocrine, parietal and chief cell populations of zymogenic glands. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed that hGH is directed to apical secretory granules in surface and pit mucous cells expressing the transgene. hGH levels vary widely among surface mucous cells both within single pits and between gastric units in a given animal. The heterogeneity noted in reporter expression suggests that there are marked differences in the regulatory environments of individual cells of a single type within a given gastric unit. This raises the possibility that cell differentiation programs in the stomach may not be as tightly coupled to cellular translocation as in the small intestine. Finally, the lack of expression of L-FABP-596 to +21/hGH in gastrin- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells of the stomach contrasts with its efficient expression in comparable cell types located in the duodenum; providing a model system for examining differential regulation of gene expression in terminally differentiated cell types represented in both gastric and intestinal epithelium.

Positional specificity of defensin gene expression reveals Paneth cell heterogeneity in mouse small intestine

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. G68-G74 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Darmoul ◽  
A. J. Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Paneth Cell ◽  
Paneth Cells ◽  
Northern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Positional Specificity ◽  
Defensin Gene ◽  
Proximal Small Bowel ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine

Cryptdins are antimicrobial peptides of the defensin family that are expressed specifically by Paneth cells in small intestinal crypts (M.E. Selsted, S.I. Miller, A.H. Henschen, and A.J. Ouellette. J. Cell Biol. 118: 929-936, 1992), and at least 17 cryptdin isoforms have been reported in mouse small intestine (A.J. Ouellette, M.M. Hsieh, M.T. Nosek, D.F. Cano-Gauci, K.M. Huttner, R.N. Buick, and M.E. Selsted. Infect. Immun. 62: 5040-5047, 1994). Analysis of cryptdin gene expression in adult mouse small bowel revealed that the cryptdin-4 isoform is differentially expressed along the proximal-to-distal intestinal axis. By peptide-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-based assays, cryptdin-4 mRNA was found to be absent from the proximal small bowel, increasing to maximal levels in the ileum. In contrast, intestinal content of cryptdin-1 and -5 mRNAs was equivalent in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and Northern blot hybridization experiments were consistent with both sets of data. Similarly, individual crypts isolated from duodenum contain cryptdin-1 mRNA but not cryptdin-4 mRNA. Taken together, the results show that Paneth cells are heterogeneous, depending on their position along the longitudinal axis of the small bowel. The positional specificity of defensin gene expression suggests that cryptdins may be useful markers for investigating the establishment and maintenance of this epithelial lineage in the mouse small intestine.

scholarly journals Intestinal renewal across the animal kingdom: comparing stem cell activity in mouse and Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. G313-G322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Zwick ◽  
Benjamin Ohlstein ◽  
Ophir D. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Stem Cell Activity ◽  
Cellular Source ◽  
The Face

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract renews frequently to sustain nutrient digestion and absorption in the face of consistent tissue stress. In many species, proliferative intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are responsible for the repair of the damage arising from chemical and mechanical aspects of food breakdown and exposure to pathogens. As the cellular source of all mature cell types of the intestinal epithelium throughout adulthood, ISCs hold tremendous therapeutic potential for understanding and treating GI disease in humans. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of ISC identity, behavior, and regulation during homeostasis and injury-induced repair, as revealed by two major animal models used to study regeneration of the small intestine: Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus. We emphasize recent findings from Drosophila that are likely to translate to the mammalian GI system, as well as challenging topics in mouse ISC biology that may be ideally suited for investigation in flies. For context, we begin by reviewing major physiological similarities and distinctions between the Drosophila midgut and mouse small intestine.

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