Ultrastructural studies of transmural migration of blood cells in the bone marrow of rats, mice and guinea pigs

1972 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferrell R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Transmural Migration

Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

scholarly journals THE ANEMIA OF SCURVY

1932 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy R. Mettier ◽  
William B. Chew
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Mitotic Figures

1. Weight loss, progressive anemia, and a moderate increase in reticulated red blood cells occurred in seventeen guinea pigs on a diet deficient in vitamin C. 2. The histological changes of the bone marrow removed from guinea pigs with scurvy showed large numbers of erythrogenic cells, but scant evidence of active maturation to the adult erythrocyte. 3. A reticulocyte response was induced in guinea pigs with scurvy when fed orange juice daily. 4. The histological changes of the bone marrow removed from guinea pigs during the reticulocyte response showed large numbers of mitotic figures and relatively more adult red blood cells than in the bone marrow from guinea pigs with scurvy that had not been treated with orange juice. 5. It is concluded from this study that the anemia of experimentally induced scurvy in the guinea pig is largely dependent upon vitamin C deficiency resulting in retarded maturation of the red blood cell.

scholarly journals Elastase-like enzymes in human neutrophils localized by ultrastructural cytochemistry.

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Clark ◽  
D W Vaughan ◽  
B M Aiken ◽  
H M Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

The thiol ester N-t-Boc-L-alanine-p-nitrothiophenyl ester (Boc-Ala-SNp) was synthesized and applied as an ultrastructural cytochemical substrate for intracellular elastase-like enzymes. Mature human neutrophils incubated with Boc-Ala-SNp and gold ions generate an electron-dense reaction product, gold p-nitrothiophenolate, which is found in the nuclear membrane, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and granules of these cells. Enzyme activity against Boc-Ala-SNp is also observed in developing monkey bone marrow neutrophils and in other blood cells. The intracellular neutrophil enzyme activity is elastase-like because it is characterized by a slightly alkaline pH optimum and is inactivated by exposure of the cells to general and specific active site inhibitors of neutrophil elastase. This substrate appears to have important potential for use in ultrastructural studies of intracellular elastase-like enzymes.

Densitometric Identification of Primitive Erythroblasts After Reaction With Diaminobenzidine

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
John A. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Small Density

Hemoglobin is the specific protein of red blood cells. Those cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated are the earliest cells that can presently be considered to be committed to erythropoiesis. In order to identify such early cells electron microscopically, we have made use of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin by reacting the marrow of erythropoietically stimulated guinea pigs with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The reaction product appeared as a diffuse and amorphous electron opacity throughout the cytoplasm of reactive cells. The detection of small density increases of such a diffuse nature required an analytical method more sensitive and reliable than the visual examination of micrographs. A procedure was therefore devised for the evaluation of micrographs (negatives) with a densitometer (Weston Photographic Analyzer).

The Ullrastructure of Platelet Participation in Hemostasis

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 065-083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley A. Johnson ◽  
Ronaldo S. Balboa ◽  
Harlan J. Pederson ◽  
Monica Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Electron Lucent

SummaryThe ultrastructure of platelet aggregation in vivo in response to bleeding brought about by transection of small mesenteric vessels in rats and guinea pigs has been studied. Platelets aggregate, degranulate and separating membranes disappear in parallel with fibrin appearance which is first seen at several loci after 30 seconds of bleeding. About 40 per cent of the electron opaque granules, some of which contain platelet factor 3 have disappeared after one minute of bleeding while the electron lucent granules increase by 70 per cent suggesting that some of them may be empty vesicles. Most of the platelet aggregates of the random type disappear leaving clumped red blood cells entrapped by a network of fibrin fibers which emanate from the remains of platelet aggregates of the rosette type to maintain hemostasis.

Enasidenib: First Mutant IDH2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Refractory and Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 1936-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghav Dogra ◽  
Rohit Bhatia ◽  
Ravi Shankar ◽  
Parveen Bansal ◽  
Ravindra K. Rawal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia is the collective name for different types of leukemias of myeloid origin affecting blood and bone marrow. The overproduction of immature myeloblasts (white blood cells) is the characteristic feature of AML, thus flooding the bone marrow and reducing its capacity to produce normal blood cells. USFDA on August 1, 2017, approved a drug named Enasidenib formerly known as AG-221 which is being marketed under the name Idhifa to treat R/R AML with IDH2 mutation. The present review depicts the broad profile of enasidenib including various aspects of chemistry, preclinical, clinical studies, pharmacokinetics, mode of action and toxicity studies. Methods: Various reports and research articles have been referred to summarize different aspects related to chemistry and pharmacokinetics of enasidenib. Clinical data was collected from various recently published clinical reports including clinical trial outcomes. Result: The various findings of enasidenib revealed that it has been designed to allosterically inhibit mutated IDH2 to treat R/R AML patients. It has also presented good safety and efficacy profile along with 9.3 months overall survival rates of patients in which disease has relapsed. The drug is still under study either in combination or solely to treat hematological malignancies. Molecular modeling studies revealed that enasidenib binds to its target through hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding inside the binding pocket. Enasidenib is found to be associated with certain adverse effects like elevated bilirubin level, diarrhea, differentiation syndrome, decreased potassium and calcium levels, etc. Conclusion: Enasidenib or AG-221was introduced by FDA as an anticancer agent which was developed as a first in class, a selective allosteric inhibitor of the tumor target i.e. IDH2 for Relapsed or Refractory AML. Phase 1/2 clinical trial of Enasidenib resulted in the overall survival rate of 40.3% with CR of 19.3%. Phase III trial on the Enasidenib is still under process along with another trial to test its potency against other cell lines. Edasidenib is associated with certain adverse effects, which can be reduced by investigators by designing its newer derivatives on the basis of SAR studies. Hence, it may come in the light as a potent lead entity for anticancer treatment in the coming years.

Transplantation of Bone Marrow as Compared with Peripheral-Blood Cells from HLA-Identical Relatives in Patients with Hematologic Cancers

2001 ◽  
Vol 344 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
William I. Bensinger ◽  
Paul J. Martin ◽  
Barry Storer ◽  
Reginald Clift ◽  
Steven J. Forman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cells

scholarly journals Ultrastructural Studies of Human Basophils and Mast Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Dvorak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Specific Growth Factor ◽  
Cord Blood Cells ◽  
Human Basophils

Ultrastructural studies of human mast cells (HMCs) and basophils (HBs) are reviewed. Sources of HMCs include biopsies of tissue sites and in situ study of excised diseased organs; isolated, partially purified samples from excised organs; and growth-factor-stimulated mast cells that develop de novo in cultures of cord blood cells. Sources of HBs for study include partially purified peripheral blood basophils, basophils in tissue biopsies, and specific growth factor-stimulated basophils arising de novo from cord blood cells. The ultrastructural studies reviewed deal with identity, secretion, vesicles, recovery, and synthesis issues related to the biology of these similar cells.

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