The satellite cell bud and myoblast in denervated mammalian muscle fibers

1970 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hess ◽  
S. Rosner
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Mammalian Muscle

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle regeneration is altered in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanzana Hoque ◽  
Marie Sjogren ◽  
Valerie Allamand ◽  
Kinga Gawlik ◽  
Naomi Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Skeletal muscle wasting alongside central pathology is a well-recognized phenomenon seen in patients with HD and HD mouse models. HD muscle atrophy progresses with disease and affects prognosis and quality of life. Satellite cells, progenitors of mature skeletal muscle fibers, are essential for proliferation, differentiation, and repair of muscle tissue in response to muscle injury or exercise. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of mutant HTT on the differentiation and regeneration capacity of HD muscle by employing in vitro mononuclear skeletal muscle cell isolation and in vivo acute muscle damage model in R6/2 mice. We found that, similar to R6/2 adult mice, neonatal R6/2 mice also exhibit a significant reduction in myofiber width and morphological changes in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles compared to WT mice. Cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced acute muscle damage in R6/2 and WT mice showed that the Pax7+ satellite cell pool was dampened in R6/2 mice at 4 weeks post-injection, and R6/2 mice exhibited an altered inflammatory profile in response to acute damage. Our results suggest that, in addition to the mutant HTT degenerative effects in mature muscle fibers, expression of mutant HTT in satellite cells might alter developmental and regenerative processes to contribute to the progressive muscle mass loss in HD. Taken together, the results presented here encourage further studies evaluating the underlying mechanisms of satellite cell dysfunction in HD mouse models.

scholarly journals PEDF-derived peptide promotes skeletal muscle regeneration through its mitogenic effect on muscle progenitor cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (3) ◽  
pp. C159-C168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Chuan Ho ◽  
Yi-Pin Chiang ◽  
Chih-Kuang Chuang ◽  
Show-Li Chen ◽  
Jui-Wen Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Satellite Cell Proliferation

In response injury, intrinsic repair mechanisms are activated in skeletal muscle to replace the damaged muscle fibers with new muscle fibers. The regeneration process starts with the proliferation of satellite cells to give rise to myoblasts, which subsequently differentiate terminally into myofibers. Here, we investigated the promotion effect of pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) on muscle regeneration. We report that PEDF and a synthetic PEDF-derived short peptide (PSP; residues Ser93-Leu112) induce satellite cell proliferation in vitro and promote muscle regeneration in vivo. Extensively, soleus muscle necrosis was induced in rats by bupivacaine, and an injectable alginate gel was used to release the PSP in the injured muscle. PSP delivery was found to stimulate satellite cell proliferation in damaged muscle and enhance the growth of regenerating myofibers, with complete regeneration of normal muscle mass by 2 wk. In cell culture, PEDF/PSP stimulated C2C12 myoblast proliferation, together with a rise in cyclin D1 expression. PEDF induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt, and STAT3 in C2C12 myoblasts. Blocking the activity of ERK, Akt, or STAT3 with pharmacological inhibitors attenuated the effects of PEDF/PSP on the induction of C2C12 cell proliferation and cyclin D1 expression. Moreover, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine pulse-labeling demonstrated that PEDF/PSP stimulated primary rat satellite cell proliferation in myofibers in vitro. In summary, we report for the first time that PSP is capable of promoting the regeneration of skeletal muscle. The signaling mechanism involves the ERK, AKT, and STAT3 pathways. These results show the potential utility of this PEDF peptide for muscle regeneration.

Single-fiber isolation and maintenance of satellite cell quiescence

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley C Wozniak ◽  
Judy E Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Mouse Muscle ◽  
Collagenase Digestion ◽  
Cell Quiescence ◽  
Gentle Agitation

The activity of satellite cells during myogenesis, development, or skeletal muscle regeneration is strongly modelled using cultures of single muscle fibers. However, there are variations in reported features of gene or protein expression as examined with single-fiber cultures. Here, we examined the potential differences in activation of satellite cells on normal mouse muscle fibers produced during a standard isolation protocol, with or without agitation during collagenase digestion. Activation was detected in satellite cells on fibers after 24 and 48 h of culture in basal growth medium using immunodetection of the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) into DNA and quantification of the number of BrdU-positive cells per fiber. After 24 and 48 h in culture under nonactivating conditions, the number of activated (BrdU+) satellite cells was greater on fibers that had received gentle agitation during collagenase digestion than on those that were subject to digestion without agitation during isolation. The findings are interpreted to mean that at least some of the variation among published reports may derive from the application of various methods of fiber isolation. The information should be useful for maintaining satellite cell quiescence during studies of the regulatory steps that lead to satellite cell activation.Key words: activation, skeletal muscle, proliferation, single-fiber culture, myogenesis.

Enhancement of satellite cell differentiation and functional recovery in injured skeletal muscle by hyperbaric oxygen treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Horie ◽  
Mitsuhiro Enomoto ◽  
Manabu Shimoda ◽  
Atsushi Okawa ◽  
Shumpei Miyakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Factor

Recently, the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatments by elite athletes to accelerate recovery from muscle injuries has become increasingly popular. However, the mechanism of promoting muscle regeneration under HBO conditions has not yet been defined. In this study, we investigated whether HBO treatments promoted muscle regeneration and modulated muscle regulatory factor expression in a rat skeletal muscle injury model. Muscle injury was induced by injecting cardiotoxin (CTX) into the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. As the HBO treatment, rats were placed in an animal chamber with 100% oxygen under 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 2 h/day, 5 days/wk for 2 wk. We then performed histological analyses, measured the maximum force-producing capacity of the regenerating muscle fibers, and performed quantitative RT-PCR analysis of muscle regulatory factor mRNAs. The cross-sectional areas and maximum force-producing capacity of the regenerating muscle fibers were increased by HBO treatment after injury. The mRNA expression of MyoD, myogenin, and IGF-1 increased significantly in the HBO group at 3 and 5 days after injury. The number of Pax7+/MyoD+, Pax7−/MyoD+, and Pax7+/BrdU+-positive nuclei was increased by HBO treatment. In this study, we demonstrated that HBO treatment accelerated satellite cell proliferation and myofiber maturation in rat muscle that was injured by a CTX injection. These results suggest that HBO treatment accelerates healing and functional recovery after muscle injury.

The Molecular Diversity of Mammalian Muscle Fibers

Physiology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Pette ◽  
RS Staron
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Mammalian Muscle ◽  
Neural Input ◽  
Multiple Protein ◽  
Isoform Expression ◽  
Dynamic Structures

Although muscle fibers can be separated into major groups, a spectrum of fiber types exists due to the expression of multiple protein isoforms. Also, muscle fibers are dynamic structures with the ability to change isoform expression in response to altered functional demands, changes in neural input, or hormonal signals.

Fast myosin heavy chains expressed in secondary mammalian muscle fibers at the time of their inception

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 2361-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cho ◽  
S.M. Hughes ◽  
I. Karsch-Mizrachi ◽  
M. Travis ◽  
L.A. Leinwand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Mammalian Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Mammalian Muscle ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Fast Myosin ◽  
Myhc Isoforms ◽  
Fast Myosin Heavy Chain

Mammalian skeletal muscle is generated by two waves of fiber formation, resulting in primary and secondary fibers. These fibers mature to give rise to several classes of adult muscle fibers with distinct contractile properties. Here we describe fast myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms that are expressed in nascent secondary, but not primary, fibers in the early development of rat and human muscle. These fast MyHCs are distinct from previously described embryonic and neonatal fast MyHCs. To identify these MyHCs, monoclonal antibodies were used whose specificity was determined in western blots of MyHCs on denaturing gels and reactivity with muscle tissue at various stages of development. To facilitate a comparison of our results with those of others obtained using different antibodies or species, we have identified cDNAs that encode the epitopes recognized by our antibodies wherever possible. The results suggest that epitopes characteristic of adult fast MyHCs are expressed very early in muscle fiber development and distinguish newly formed secondary fibers from primary fibers. This marker of secondary fibers, which is detectable at the time of their inception, should prove useful in future studies of the derivation of primary and secondary fibers in mammalian muscle development.

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