Diffusion-convection-reaction in multicomponent mixtures

AIChE Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1665-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Guida ◽  
Raffaella Ocone ◽  
Gianni Astarita
Keyword(s):  
Multicomponent Mixtures ◽  
Diffusion Convection

Methods for saving the productivity of slope lands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Batyakhina N.A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Multicomponent Mixtures

The influence of various annual multicomponent mixtures in the crop rotation link on its productivity and fertility of gray forest soil is shown. The complexity of the structure of plant communities has reduced the share of weeds in crop production annual mix, 2.6-3.7% and conservation tillage for wheat has increased by 2.5 times the phosphorus content is 1.9 times the potassium, 12% increased productivity.

Principal component and decomposition analysis of multicomponent mixtures of carcinogenic fluorophores

1980 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey S. Gold ◽  
Gregory T. Rasmussen ◽  
Janet A. Mercer-Smith ◽  
David G. Whitten ◽  
Richard P. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multicomponent Mixtures

scholarly journals On the Many-Body Expansion of an Interaction Energy of Some Supramolecular Halogen-Containing Capsules

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4431
Author(s):  
Jiří Czernek ◽  
Jiří Brus
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Condensed Phases ◽  
Multicomponent Mixtures ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Symmetric Form ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Emergent Features ◽  
The Many ◽  
Surprising Fact ◽  
Dimethyl Benzene

A tetramer model was investigated of a remarkably stable iodine-containing supramolecular capsule that was most recently characterized by other authors, who described emergent features of the capsule’s formation. In an attempt to address the surprising fact that no strong pair-wise interactions between any of the respective components were experimentally detected in condensed phases, the DFT (density-functional theory) computational model was used to decompose the total stabilization energy as a sum of two-, three- and four-body contributions. This model considers complexes formed between either iodine or bromine and the crucial D4h-symmetric form of octaaryl macrocyclic compound cyclo[8](1,3-(4,6-dimethyl)benzene that is surrounded by arenes of a suitable size, namely, either corannulene or coronene. A significant enthalpic gain associated with the formation of investigated tetramers was revealed. Furthermore, it is shown that the total stabilization of these complexes is dominated by binary interactions. Based on these findings, comments are made regarding the experimentally observed behavior of related multicomponent mixtures.

scholarly journals Situations Leading to Reduced Effectiveness of Current Hand Hygiene against Infectious Mucus from Influenza Virus-Infected Patients

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Hirose ◽  
Takaaki Nakaya ◽  
Yuji Naito ◽  
Tomo Daidoji ◽  
Risa Bandou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Hand Rubbing ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Diffusion Convection ◽  
Low Rate

ABSTRACT Both antiseptic hand rubbing (AHR) using ethanol-based disinfectants (EBDs) and antiseptic hand washing (AHW) are important means of infection control to prevent seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) outbreaks. However, previous reports suggest a reduced efficacy of ethanol disinfection against pathogens in mucus. We aimed to elucidate the situations and mechanisms underlying the reduced efficacy of EBDs against IAV in infectious mucus. We evaluated IAV inactivation and ethanol concentration change using IAV-infected patients’ mucus (sputum). Additionally, AHR and AHW effectiveness against infectious mucus adhering to the hands and fingers was evaluated in 10 volunteers. Our clinical study showed that EBD effectiveness against IAV in mucus was extremely reduced compared to IAV in saline. IAV in mucus remained active despite 120 s of AHR; however, IAV in saline was completely inactivated within 30 s. Due to the low rate of diffusion/convection because of the physical properties of mucus as a hydrogel, the time required for the ethanol concentration to reach an IAV inactivation level and thus for EBDs to completely inactivate IAV was approximately eight times longer in mucus than in saline. On the other hand, AHR inactivated IAV in mucus within 30 s when the mucus dried completely because the hydrogel characteristics were lost. Additionally, AHW rapidly inactivated IAV. Until infectious mucus has completely dried, infectious IAV can remain on the hands and fingers, even after appropriate AHR using EBD, thereby increasing the risk of IAV transmission. We clarified the ineffectiveness of EBD use against IAV in infectious mucus. IMPORTANCE Antiseptic hand rubbing (AHR) and antiseptic hand washing (AHW) are important to prevent the spread of influenza A virus (IAV). This study elucidated the situations/mechanisms underlying the reduced efficacy of AHR against infectious mucus derived from IAV-infected individuals and indicated the weaknesses of the current hand hygiene regimens. Due to the low rate of diffusion/convection because of the physical properties of mucus as a hydrogel, the efficacy of AHR using ethanol-based disinfectant against mucus is greatly reduced until infectious mucus adhering to the hands/fingers has completely dried. If there is insufficient time before treating the next patient (i.e., if the infectious mucus is not completely dry), medical staff should be aware that effectiveness of AHR is reduced. Since AHW is effective against both dry and nondry infectious mucus, AHW should be adopted to compensate for these weaknesses of AHR.

Determination of traces of aromatic compounds in multicomponent mixtures by HRCGC

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 713-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Matisová ◽  
Ľubomír Kubuš ◽  
Eva Jurányiová
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Multicomponent Mixtures
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