Vapor phase activity coefficients and standard state hypothetical vapor fugacities for hydrocarbons

AIChE Journal ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-906
Author(s):  
Dwight S. Hoffman ◽  
J. Reed Welker ◽  
V. N. P. Rao ◽  
James H. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Standard State ◽  
Phase Activity

Liquid phase activity coefficients and standard state hypothetical liquid fugacities for hydrocarbons

AIChE Journal ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-512
Author(s):  
Dwight S. Hoffman ◽  
J. Reed Welker ◽  
Rowland E. Felt ◽  
James H. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Standard State ◽  
Phase Activity

Limiting activity coefficients in dilute solutions of nonelectrolytes. II. Determination for polar–nonpolar and polar–polar binary mixtures, and the application of some solubility-parameter treatments

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shapour Afrashtehfar ◽  
Genille C. B. Cave
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Solubility Parameter ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Solutions ◽  
Polar Components ◽  
Induced Dipole

Activity coefficients were determined at 293.15 K for the more dilute component in 24 binary solutions of nonelectrolytes, by gas-chromatographic analysis of the equilibrium vapor phase. One component of the binary mixture was either nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, 2-nitropropane, ethanenitrile, propanenitrile, ethyl ethanoate, or butyl ethanoate; and the other component was either heptane, 1-heptene, or 1,6-heptadiene.From the limiting activity coefficients of these components, some factors that affected their magnitude were identified. The values were also used to test the modifications of Prausnitz, Blanks, and Weimer, of Helpinstill and Van Winkle, and of Keller, Karger, and Snyder to the Scatchard–Hildebrand equation modified to accommodate polar components. In addition, the degree of constancy of the ratio of the dipole – induced dipole interaction parameter for a series of solutes in one solvent to that in another was considered.

Effect of Zinc and Zinc Borate on Fire Properties of Modified Polyphenylene Oxide

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Benrashid ◽  
G.L. Nelson ◽  
Donald J. Ferm
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Polyphenylene Oxide ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Smoke Chamber ◽  
Fire Properties ◽  
Phase Activity

Modified polyphenylene oxide resin (m-PPO) (virgin) and m-PPO flame retarded with triaryl phosphate (FR m-PPO) were blended with zinc borate, zinc, and zinc/zinc borate. Both virgin and FR m-PPO containing zinc borate showed a marked reduction in smoke production (flaming and non- flaming-NBS Smoke Chamber). In FR m-PPO a reduction in oxygen index values was seen for zinc borate, except at the highest level tested (50 PHR). Zinc, on the other hand, showed an increase in oxygen index for FR m-PPO. Given the potential for both condensed and vapor phase activity for triaryl phosphate in m-PPO, the reduction in both smoke and oxygen index by zinc borate suggests a deactivation of the vapor phase activity of triaryl phosphate.

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