scholarly journals Drop breakage in a single pass through vortex based cavitation device: Experiments and modelling

AIChE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet H. Thaker ◽  
Vivek V. Ranade
Keyword(s):  
Single Pass ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Drop Breakage

greater the probability that the particles will miss the high shear zones on a single pass through the device. For this reason the discharge of many rotor/stator devices is re-stricted with a series of holes or bars, or with a grid, which performs two separate tasks. First, a discharge grid absolutely limits the maximum particle size that can exit the mixer. If the holes on the discharge grid are 2 mm, it is virtually impossible for par-ticles larger than that diameter to pass through the machine. Rotor/stator in-line mix-ers are made with restricting grids as small as 0.5 mm, and a wide range of larger sizes up to 50 mm or even unrestricted outlets. A sample of such grids is presented in Fig. 29. But even the smallest usable discharge grid does not necessarily provide abso-lute control of the required size distributions in the range of fine dispersion. This is the second reason for the restriction on the discharge. By putting a more limiting dis-charge on the outlet, the flow rate through the device for a given set of pumping cir-cumstances (viscosity, density, system suction, and discharge head) is reduced and the residence time in the machine for a given particle or droplet is increased. The longer residence time increases the probability that a particle has to travel through the highest shearing zones and, thereby, be reduced to the smallest size that the machine is capable of producing. • • • • " ' ; • " * * «L £ J- •-

1998 ◽  
pp. 358-360
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Fine Dispersion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maximum Particle ◽  
Pass Through

scholarly journals Detoxification of Hazardous Waste Streams Using Microwave-Assisted Fluid-Bed Oxidation

1990 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Varma ◽  
S. P. Nandi ◽  
J. D. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Microwave Cavity ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Fluid Bed ◽  
Pass Through

ABSTRACTMicrowave-assisted oxidation of trichloroethane (TCE) performed at 500-580°C has been found to be significantly more efficient than conventional oxidation methods. Experiments were conducted using a 6 kW, 2.45 GHz power supply and a 6 inch bed of silicon carbide granules in a 1 inch diameter quartz reactor tube which in turn was placed in a microwave cavity. After heating the reactor to a given temperature a TCE-air stream was passed through the silicon carbide bed. TCE was almost completely detoxified (98-99%) in a single pass through the silicon carbide bed at 500-580°C. The oxidation products are HC1, CO2 and CO. By comparison the corresponding single-pass detoxification using conventional thermal methods results in only partial conversion. The principal products being dichloroethylene (C2H2C12) and HCl.

Neutrophil retention during a single transit through the pulmonary circulation

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1683-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Hogg ◽  
C. M. Doerschuk ◽  
B. Wiggs ◽  
D. Minshall
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Pulmonary Circulation ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Pass Through

Our laboratory has previously reported that 70–80% of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) are delayed with respect to erythrocytes (RBCs) in a single pass through the lungs of dogs, whereas only 5–15% of PMNs are delayed in a single pass through human lungs. Because these results were obtained using a direct blood sampling method in animals and an indirect gamma camera method in humans, the reported differences could be related to differences in measurement technique. The present study was designed to settle this question by comparing both techniques in a single species. The results show that the gamma camera technique previously used in humans underestimates the retention of PMNs with respect to RBCs during a single pass through the lung. They also show that this problem can be corrected by modifying the analysis of the data obtained using the gamma camera. We conclude that the pulmonary circulation retains PMNs with respect to RBCs to a comparable degree in animals and humans.

scholarly journals Catch and kill airborne SARS-CoV-2 to control spread of COVID-19 by a heated air disinfection system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luo Yu ◽  
Garrett K. Peel ◽  
Faisal H. Cheema ◽  
William S. Lawrence ◽  
Natalya Bukreyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ni Foam ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Heated Air ◽  
Air Disinfection ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

AbstractAirborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via air-conditioning systems poses a significant threat for the continued escalation of the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Considering that SARS-CoV-2 cannot tolerate temperatures above 70 °C, here we designed and fabricated efficient air disinfection systems based on heated nickel (Ni) foam to catch and kill SARS-CoV-2. Virus test results revealed that 99.8% of the aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 was caught and killed by a single pass through a Ni-foam-based filter when heated up to 200 °C. Additionally, the same filter was also used to catch and kill 99.9% of Bacillus anthracis, an airborne spore. This study paves the way for preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other highly infectious airborne agents in closed environments.One Sentence SummaryHeated Ni-foam filters are capable of effectively catching and killing airborne SARS-CoV-2 and Bacillus anthracis spores.

scholarly journals Practical aspects of `0-sampling algorithms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. A. Lopes ◽  
Fabiano S. Oliveira ◽  
Valmir C. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Graph Algorithms ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Space Complexity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Sampling Algorithms ◽  
Sampling Problem ◽  
Pass Through

The `0-sampling problem plays an important role in streaming graph algorithms. In this paper, we revisit a near-optimal `0-sampling algorithm, proposing a variant that allows proving a tighter upper bound for the probability of failure. We compare experimental results of both variants, providing empirical evidence of their applicability in real-case scenarios. The `0-sampling problem consists in sampling a nonzero coordinate from a dynamic vector a = (a1, . . . , an) with uniform probability. This vector is defined in a turnstile model, which consists of a stream of updates S = hs1, s2, . . . , sti on a (initially 0), where si = (ui, i) 2 { 1, . . . , n} ⇥ R for all 1  i  t, meaning an increment of i units to aui . It is desirable that such sample be produced in a single pass through the stream with sublinear space complexity. The challenge arises from the fact that, since i can be negative and hence some updates in the stream may cancel others, directly sampling the stream may lead to incorrect results.

Degradation of a Jet A Fuel in a Single-Pass Heat Exchanger

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Jones ◽  
W. J. Balster ◽  
M. E. Post
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Surface Deposition ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Isothermal Conditions ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Pass Through

The formation of bulk and surface insolubles in a Jet A fuel during a single pass through heated stainless-steel tubes has been studied. Low temperature and low flow rates were utilized to produce near-isothermal conditions. In a second series of experiments, depletion of oxygen in the fuel saturated with respect to room-temperature air was measured under identical isothermal conditions. At a wall/bulk-fuel temperature of 185°C, rates of surface deposition and oxygen depletion were correlated; the maximum in the surface-deposition rate was found to occur after the Jet A fuel was stressed sufficiently that the dissolved oxygen was totally consumed. Results are discussed in terms of the autoxidation of the Jet A fuel and the concurrent production of deleterious bulk and surface insolubles.

Perfusion technique determines alveolar fluid resorption rate in the isolated perfused rat lung

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Lasnier ◽  
David H. Ingbar ◽  
Ethan P. Carter ◽  
Kirk Wilson ◽  
Scott McKnite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Normal Fluid ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Resorption Rate ◽  
Pass Through

Lasnier, Joseph M., David H. Ingbar, Ethan P. Carter, Kirk Wilson, Scott McKnite, Keith G. Lurie, and O. Douglas Wangensteen.Perfusion technique determines alveolar fluid resorption rate in the isolated perfused rat lung. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(2): 740–745, 1998.—The isolated perfused lung (IPL) preparation is a well-established model for the study of alveolar epithelial sodium transport. We noted that preparations of normal fluid-filled rat lungs with recirculated perfusate reproducibly lost weight, whereas preparations in which the perfusate was discarded after a single pass through the lungs had a variable and lesser weight change. To confirm this, we performed IPL experiments by using male Sprague-Dawley specific-pathogen-free rats (175–225 g). In 10 IPLs, perfusate initially was discarded after passing through the lungs and then was recirculated continuously. During the single-pass period, the rate of weight change was +0.7 ± 2.0 mg/min compared with −9.0 ± 1.3 mg/min for the recirculating period. Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulated during recirculation. The weight loss induced by recirculation was reproduced by perfusion with 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate or terbutaline in single-pass fashion and blocked when the kinase inhibitor H-8 or phosphodiesterase was present in the recirculating perfusate. In summary, perfusate recirculation in the IPL stimulates fluid resorption at least partially via cAMP. This should be factored into the design and interpretation of IPL experiments.

Degradation of a Jet-A Fuel in a Single-Pass Heat Exchanger

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Grant Jones ◽  
Walter J. Balster ◽  
Michael E. Post
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Surface Deposition ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Isothermal Conditions ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Pass Through

The formation of bulk and surface insolubles in a Jet-A fuel during a single pass through heated stainless-steel tubes has been studied. Low temperature and low flow rates were utilized to produce near-isothermal conditions. In a second series of experiments, depletion of oxygen in the fuel saturated with respect to room-temperature air was measured under identical isothermal conditions. At a wall/bulk-fuel temperature of 185°C, rates of surface deposition and oxygen depletion were correlated; the maximum in the surface-deposition rate was found to occur after the Jet-A fuel was stressed sufficiently that the dissolved oxygen was totally consumed. Results are discussed in terms of the autoxidation of the Jet-A fuel and the concurrent production of deleterious bulk and surface insolubles.

The theory of the single-pass cross-flow heat interchanger

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Binnie ◽  
E. G. C. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Flow Type ◽  
Flow Heat ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Pass Through

1. The cross-flow type of heat interchanger is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1. One of the fluids involved is arranged to pass through a nest of small tubes, while the other streams past the tubes at right angles to them. To fix ideas we suppose that the tubes contain cooling water which enters at a temperature T1. The temperature of the water leaving a tube depends upon its position, but the water from all the tubes is mixed and is led to a single exit pipe in which the temperature is T2. In the same way the fluid to be cooled enters at a temperature t1 and leaves at a temperature t2. If the cooling water is not used again by being led through another nest of tubes also exposed to the fluid to be cooled, the arrangement is termed a single-pass heat interchanger.

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