Entropy Production and Chemical Reactions in Nonequilibrium Plasma

It is shown that entropy production appears to be a completely monotonic function of time for several chemical reactions or reaction sequences taking place in closed systems at constant temperature; however this monotonicity principle does not extend to autocatalytic or oscillatory processes. Where it occurs, the complete monotonicity of entropy production stems essentially from the completely monotonic behavior of the species number densities as functions of time in the evolution of the reaction.

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Increased Temperature and Entropy Production in the Earth’s Atmosphere: Effect on Wind, Precipitation, Chemical Reactions, Freezing and Melting of Ice and Electrical Activity

Journal of Modern Physics ◽

10.4236/jmp.2019.108063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (08) ◽

pp. 966-973

Author(s):

Michael A. Pitt

Keyword(s):

Electrical Activity ◽

Entropy Production ◽

Chemical Reactions ◽

Earth’S Atmosphere ◽

Atmosphere Effect ◽

Increased Temperature ◽

Earth's Atmosphere

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Far from Equilibrium Maximal Principle Leading to Matter Self-Organization

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY ◽

10.24297/jac.v5i3.2664 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 753-783

Author(s):

Piero Chiarelli

Keyword(s):

Free Energy ◽

Energy Dissipation ◽

Entropy Production ◽

Chemical Reactions ◽

Space Velocity ◽

Maximum Energy ◽

Self Organization ◽

Minimum Entropy ◽

Minimum Entropy Production ◽

Far From Equilibrium

In this work an extremal principle driving the far from equilibrium evolution of a system of structureless particles is derived by using the stochastic quantum hydrodynamic analogy. For a classical phase (i.e., the quantum correlations decay on a distance smaller than the mean inter-molecular distance) the far from equilibrium kinetic equation can be cast in the form of a Fokker-Plank equation whose phase space velocity vector maximizes the dissipation of the energy-type function, named here, stochastic free energy.Near equilibrium the maximum stochastic free energy dissipation (SFED) is shown to be compatible with the Prigogine’s principle of minimum entropy production. Moreover, in quasi-isothermal far from equilibrium states, the theory shows that, in the case of elastic molecular collisions and in absence of chemical reactions, the maximum SFED reduces to the maximum free energy dissipation.When chemical reactions or relevant thermal gradients are present, the theory highlights that the Sawada enunciation of maximum free energy dissipation can be violated.The proposed model depicts the Prigogine’s principle of minimum entropy production near-equilibrium and the far from equilibrium Sawada’s principle of maximum energy dissipation as two complementary principia of a unique theory where the latter one is a particular case of the more general one of maximum stochastic free energy dissipation.Following the tendency to reach the highest rate of SFED, a system relaxing to equilibrium goes through states with higher order so that the matter self-organization becomes possible.

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