Soil salt balance in a cotton field under drip irrigation and subsurface pipe drainage systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Heng ◽  
Gary Feng ◽  
Xin‐Lin He ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Fa‐Dong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Salt Balance ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Soil Salt

scholarly journals Soil salinity variations and cotton growth under long-term mulched drip irrigation in saline-alkali land of arid oasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhao Li ◽  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Jinzhu Zhang ◽  
Rui Zong
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Soil Salt ◽  
Cotton Fields

AbstractThe sustainable development and utilization of saline-alkali land are closely related to holding fast the minimum cultivated land area of China. The change of soil salt in cotton field under long-term mulched drip irrigation (MDI) is connected with the development of the national cotton industry. From 2015 to 2019, five cotton fields with different applying years of MDI, which were reclaimed in 2004, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2015 respectively and were saline-alkali wasteland before, were monitored continuously in the Manas River irrigation area of Xinjiang. By means of continuous location monitoring and spatial–temporal variability (For example, the monitoring data of cotton fields under MDI in 2004, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2015, and in the year of 2015 were counted as 12, 8, 6, 4 and 1 years, respectively), the spatial–temporal variations of soil salt and ions in cotton field with 1-16a MDI technology were presented. The cotton growth characteristics and its main influencing factors were also analyzed in the study. The results showed that saline-alkali cotton field experienced changed from intensive saline soil to moderate saline soil and finally to non-saline soil under long-term MDI. The change of soil salt and the response of cotton growth to soil salt were divided into three typical stages. Firstly, soil desalinated rapidly in 1-4a MDI cotton field, which the annual average desalination rate was 24.93% in 0–100 cm soil layer (root zone). Additionally, the survival rate of cotton rocketed from 1.48% to 42.04%, and yield increased sharply from 72.43 kg ha−1 to 3075.90 kg ha−1. Soil desalination was lower in 5-11a MDI cotton field, which the annual average desalination rate was 10.92% at the root zone. The annual survival rate and yield of cotton increased by 6.26% and 5.18%, respectively. After 12a MDI, the soil salt in cotton field tended to be generally constant, which the average salt content in root zone was less than 2.49 g kg−1. The survival rate of cotton was stable above 90.39%, and the yield per unit area exceeded 5401.32 kg ha−1. Ions, sodium absorption ratio and Cl− and SO42− equivalent ratio (CSER) in cotton soil also decreased with the extension of MDI. Salt composition changed year by year, but the type of intensive saline soil had always been chloride-sulphate solonchak (0.2 < CSER < 1). In practice, with a higher irrigation quota and ideal irrigation water quality, the soil salt environment of saline-alkali soil MDI cotton field had developed in favor of cotton growth in an oasis irrigation area. However, this management practice caused between 124.21–143.61 mm of water resources waste. Therefore, we should further enhanced the consciousness of water-saving and implemented quota management in practice.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation Water Salinity on Maize (Zea may L.) Emergence, Growth, Yield, Quality, and Soil Salt

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Chen ◽  
Jin ◽  
Wang ◽  
Du
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soil Salt ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

Freshwater shortage is becoming one of the major limiting factors for the sustainable development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas of north China. A two-year field experiment about mulched drip irrigation on maize was conducted in Hetao Irrigation District with five irrigation water salinity levels (total dissolved solids; 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g·L−1). The effects of irrigation water salinity on maize emergence, growth, yield, grain quality, and soil salt were determined. The results indicated that with the soil matric potential of -20 kPa and irrigation quota for each application of 22.5 mm, the irrigation water salinity showed negative influence on maize emergence and maize morphological characteristics (plant height, leaf area index, stem diameter, and dry matter), as irrigation water salt concentrations exceeded 3 g·L−1. The water use efficiency decreased linearly with the irrigation water salinity raised from 1 g·L−1 to 5 g·L−1, while maize grain protein increased and starch content decreased with the increase of irrigation water salt contents. Additionally, both the vertical radius and horizontal radius of salt isoline by mulched drip irrigation reduced with the irrigation water salt concentrations, when the irrigation water salinity was above 3 g·L−1. Summarily, irrigation water salinity of 3 g·L−1 was recommended for maize mulched drip irrigation in this study.

scholarly journals Effects of Alternating Irrigation with Fresh and Saline Water on the Soil Salt, Soil Nutrients, and Yield of Tomatoes

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1693
Author(s):  
Jingang Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Zhongyi Qu ◽  
Shaoli Wang ◽  
Pingru He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Soil Salt

Saline water irrigation has become extremely important in arid and semi-arid areas in northwestern China. To study the effect of alternating irrigation models on the soil nutrients, soil salts, and yield of tomatoes with fresh water (total dissolved solids of 0.50 g·L−1) and saline water (total dissolved solids of 3.01 g·L−1), a two-year field experiment was carried out for tomatoes in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), containing six drip irrigation models: T1 (all freshwater irrigation), T2 (saline water used in the seedling and flowering stages; fresh water in the fruit-set and breaker stages), T3 (saline water in the flowering and fruit-set stages; fresh water in the seedling and breaker stages), T4 (saline water in the fruit-set and breaker stages; fresh water in the seedling and flowering stages), T5 (saline water in the flowering and breaker stages; fresh water in the seedling and fruit-set stages), T6 (saline water in the seedling and fruit-set stages; fresh water in the flowering and breaker stages). The study found that saline water irrigation tends to have a positive effect on soil total nitrogen and a negative influence on soil total phosphorus at each growth stage of the tomato. Soil Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, and Cl− increased over the growth period, soil HCO3− decreased gradually by growth stage, and the salt ions increased with the amount of saline water applied in alternating irrigation. Though the soil salt accumulated in all experimentally designed alternating irrigation models, soil alkalization did not occur in the tomato root zone under the soil matric potential threshold of −25 kPa. The utilization of saline water resulted in about a 1.9–18.2% decline in fruit yield, but the total soluble solids, lycopene, and sugar in the tomato fruits increased. Ultimately, drip irrigation with fresh water at the seedling to flowering stages and saline water at the fruit-set to breaker stages was suggested for tomato cultivation in HID.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Thresholds of Drip Irrigation Using Saline Water on Soil Salt Transportation and Maize Yield

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingang Li ◽  
Zhongyi Qu ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Qiu Jin
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Soil Salt ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

Sustainable development of saline water irrigation was restricted in HID (Hetao Irrigation District) by serious yield reduction and severe salt accumulation without an effective irrigation schedule. Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of drip irrigation thresholds on soil salt transportation and maize yield with shallow saline ground water in 2015 and 2016 in HID. The irrigation was triggered by four soil matric potential (SMP) treatments which measured 20 cm beneath the drip emitter. Results indicate that the shape of the wetting body approximated a one-fourth ellipse on the vertical profile perpendicular to the drip line, while the horizontal radius increased with the increase of SMP. Moreover, salt accumulation decreased with the increasing thresholds in the 0–40-cm layer, while the soil salt in the 40–100 cm layer was hardly affected by SMP thresholds under a drip irrigation quota of 22.5 mm. Maize yield showed a quadratic relationship with the SMP threshold, and the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) showed a linear increase in response to the decrease in SMP threshold. Taking into account the salt accumulation, yield and IWUE, a SMP threshold higher than −30 kPa is suggested as the appropriate indicator for maize mulched-drip irrigation with shallow saline groundwater in HID.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Cotton Field under Different Irrigation Methods and Fertilization Regimes in Arid Northwestern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wu ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Jinfei Feng ◽  
Lanhai Li ◽  
Haishui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Arid Northwestern China

Drip irrigation is broadly extended in order to save water in the arid cotton production region of China. Biochar is thought to be a useful soil amendment to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Here, a field study was conducted to compare the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) under different irrigation methods (drip irrigation (D) and furrow irrigation (F)) and fertilization regimes (conventional fertilization (C) and conventional fertilization + biochar (B)) during the cotton growth season. The accumulated N2O emissions were significantly lower with FB, DC, and DB than with FC by 28.8%, 36.1%, and 37.6%, while accumulated CH4uptake was 264.5%, 226.7%, and 154.2% higher with DC, DB, and FC than that with FB, respectively. Irrigation methods showed a significant effect on total global warming potential (GWP) and yield-scaled GWP (P<0.01). DC and DB showed higher cotton yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and lower yield-scaled GWP, as compared with FC and FB. This suggests that in northwestern China mulched-drip irrigation should be a better approach to increase cotton yield with depressed GHG. In addition, biochar addition increased CH4emissions while it decreasedN2Oemissions.

Promoting the production of salinized cotton field by optimizing water and nitrogen use efficiency under drip irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 699-716
Author(s):  
En Lin ◽  
Hongguang Liu ◽  
Xinxin Li ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Sumera Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency
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