Velvet bentgrass putting green quality, water retention, and infiltration as affected by topdressing sand size and rate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruying Wang ◽  
James A. Murphy ◽  
Daniel Giménez
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Sand Size

scholarly journals Sand Size Affects Topdressing Removed by Mowing and Anthracnose on Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Ruying Wang ◽  
James W. Hempfling ◽  
Bruce B. Clarke ◽  
James A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
First Year ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Surface Wetness ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Colletotrichum Cereale ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Sand Size

Sand size can affect the ability to incorporate topdressing into the turf canopy and thatch on golf course putting greens; unincorporated sand interferes with mowing and play. This 3-year field trial was initiated to determine the effects of sand size on sand incorporation, surface wetness, and anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum cereale Manns sensu lato Crouch, Clarke, and Hillman) of annual bluegrass [Poa annua L. f. reptans (Hausskn) T. Koyama] maintained as a putting green. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications; treatments included a non-topdressed control and three topdressing sands (medium-coarse, medium, or medium-fine) applied every 2 weeks at 0.15 L·m−2 during the summer. Topdressing with medium-coarse sand was more difficult to incorporate than the medium and medium-fine sands, resulting in a greater quantity of sand collected with mower clippings. Analyzing the particle distribution of sand removed by mowing confirmed that coarser sand particles were more likely to be removed in mower clippings. Surface wetness measured as volumetric water content (VWC) at the 0- to 38-mm depth zone was greater in non-topdressed plots than topdressed plots on 35% of observations. Few differences in VWC were found among sand size treatments. Turf responses to topdressing were not immediate; however, as sand accumulated in the turf canopy, topdressed plots typically had lower anthracnose severity than non-topdressed turf after the first year. Additionally, topdressing with medium and medium-fine sands produced similar or occasionally lower disease severity than topdressing with medium-coarse sand. The lack of negative effects of medium and medium-fine sands combined with better incorporation after topdressing and less disruption to the putting surface should allow golf course superintendents to apply topdressing at frequencies and/or quantities needed during the summer to maintain high-quality turf and playing conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of chemical Treatment on Ramie / Rattan /Silicone Polymer Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3512-3516
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Recent Memory ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
The World ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Water Retention Properties

During the most recent couple of years, regular strands have gotten considerably more consideration than any time in recent memory from the examination network everywhere throughout the world. These characteristic filaments offer various favorable circumstances over conventional engineered strands. Stagnant mechanical possessions of arbitrarily situated personally blended Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) and Rattan (Malay rotan) fiber fortified polymer composites, for example, flexural, Impact, hardness quality, water retention properties and so on, were examined as an element of fiber stacking according to ASTM measures. At first Silicone gum arranged was exposed to assessment of its ideal mechanical properties. At that point strengthening of the tar with Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) and Rattan (Malay rotan) fiber was practiced in three unique structures: molecule measure by utilizing advanced gum. Contemporary effort uncovers that mechanical possessions, for example, flexural, solidity, aquatic retention and so on of the Silicone pitch increments to significant degree when strengthened by the fortitude.

Pathogenesis and management of sodium and water retention in cardiac failure and cirrhosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Schrier ◽  
Andrey K. Gurevich ◽  
Melissa A. Cadnapaphornchai
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Water Retention

TEKNOLOGI PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM UNTUK KEADAAN TANGGAP DARURAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Ultra Filtration ◽  
Quality Water

In the event of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, floods and droughts, water occupies a key role in disaster relief. The presence of water is important for drinking, cooking and support the refugee areas of environmental sanitation and avoiding disaster victims of diseases waterborn disease. Water problem in disaster conditions may occur partly as a result: the disturbance of water sources because change of water quality, to become turbid or salty, the destruction of a piping system, treatment plant damage, disruption of distribution systems, or the scarcity of water in evacuation areas. Introduction of water quality becomes important to determine which process technology will be used and saved investments in emergency conditions. Priority handling of clean water usually comes first in the refugee areas with communal system, because the need of water for bathing, washing and toilet is big enough, while for a drink in the early events during disaster dominated by bottled water, but for their long-term, they have to boil water. For remote areas and difficult to reach individuals who usually use  system more simple and easily operated. Water Supply Technology for emergency response has the characteristic 1). Able to operate with all sorts of water conditions (flexible adaptable), 2). Can be operated easily, 3). Does not require much maintenance, 4). Little use of chemicals, and 5). Portable and easy removable (Mobile System). Keywords :  Water Quality, Water Treatment Technology, Drinking Water, Emergency Response, filtration, ceramic filtration, Ultra filtration, Reverse Osmosis, Ultraviolet Sterilizer, Ozonizer, Disinfection.

INFLUENCE OF SOIL MATRIX ON SOIL-WATER RETENTION CURVE AND HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-877
Author(s):  
Vasile Lucian Pavel ◽  
Florian Statescu ◽  
Dorin Cotiu.ca-Zauca ◽  
Gabriela Biali ◽  
Paula Cojocaru
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Soil Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Retention Curve
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