Soil fertility, crop nutrition, and cropping systems: Research for Mediterranean dryland agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 3350-3360 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Dryland Agriculture ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Crop Nutrition

Options to improve family income, labor input and soil organic matter balances by soil management and maize–livestock interactions. Exploration of farm-specific options for a region in Southwest Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Flores-Sánchez ◽  
Jeroen C.J. Groot ◽  
Egbert A. Lantinga ◽  
Martin J. Kropff ◽  
Walter A.H. Rossing
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Crop Nutrition ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractFarming systems in the Costa Chica region in Mexico face limitations linked to low yields and soil fertility degradation. Several alternative maize-based cropping systems have been proposed to improve current limitations. These field-level options need to be evaluated at farm level in order to assess their feasibility, taking into account input requirements, contributions to self-sufficiency in food and long-term soil fertility, and the availability of labor. In this study, we defined four scenarios to explore consequences of changes in current farming systems for eight typical farms in the region; the first two scenarios comprised redressing current imbalances in crop nutrition and organic matter (OM) supply, respectively, and the last two scenarios explored high fertilizer input and animal husbandry. Farms responded in different ways to the various options depending on available land, current soil quality, current cropping systems and presence of livestock. Improvements in crop nutrition based on mineral fertilizers increased family income but only had substantial effects on soil OM (SOM) balances when fertilizer rates were double the amount currently subsidized. Addition of organic fertilizers resulted in positive effects on SOM balance, but with often strong trade-offs with family income due to costs of acquisition, transport and application. Animals played an important role in increasing SOM balances, but had relatively little effect on improving family income. The results demonstrated that improvements in family income and SOM balance at farm scale were feasible but that without more fundamental system changes trade-offs between short-term yield increases and longer-term soil fertility increases should be expected. The results highlight the need for policies that take into account farm-specific differences in crop and livestock intensification opportunities.

Managing soil fertility to adapt to rainfall variability in smallholder cropping systems in Zimbabwe

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rurinda ◽  
P. Mapfumo ◽  
M.T. van Wijk ◽  
F. Mtambanengwe ◽  
M.C. Rufino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Rainfall Variability

scholarly journals KERAPATAN GALUR HARAPAN KAPAS PADA SISTEM TUMPANGSARI DENGAN KEDELAI

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
PRIMA DIARINI RIAJAYA ◽  
FITRININGDYAH TRI KADARWATI
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Plot Design

<p>Penelitian pengaturan kerapalan galur harapan kapas pada sistem tumpangsari dengan kedelai dilakukan di IPPTP Mojosari, Mojokerto, Jawa Timur pada lahan sawah sesudah padi dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktobcr 2000. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan kerapalan lanaman yang sesuai pada galur harapan kapas pada sistem tumpangsari dengan kedelai Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak tcrbagi dengan 4 varictas'galur (92016/6, 91001 29 2, 88003/16/2 dan Kanesia 7) sebagai pelak utama Anak petak terdiri atas 3 tata tanam yaitu (1) tala tanam 1(1); 3, yaitu I bans kapas (I tan 'lubang) dan 3 bais kedelai, (2) tata tanam 2 (1) 4 yaitu 2 baris kapas(l tan.'lubang) dan 4 baris kedelai, (3) tata tanam 1 (2)3 yaitu 1 baris (2 tan 'lubang dan 3 bais kedelai) Jarak lanam kapas dan kedelai pada (ala tanam 1(1) 3 adalah 150 x 20 cm dan 25 x 20 cm, pada tata tanam 2( I ):4 adalah 150 (60) cm x 30 cm dan 20 cm x 20 cm, dan tata tanam 1 (2) 3 adalah 150 cm x 30 cm dan 25 cm x 20 cm Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lata tanam yang sesuai pada galur varietas baru kapas adalah tata tanam 1(1)3 |1 baris kapas (1 tan lubang) dan tiga baris kedelai] Mengurangi jumlah lanaman kapas tiap lubang dari 2 menjadi I lanaman pada tata tanam 1 (2)3 (1 baris kapas (2 lan lubang) dan 3 bais kedelai) meningkatkan eisiensi fotosintcsis dai 59 x 10 menjadi 9.4 x 10"" mgC02.mgll20 sehingga produksi kapas meningkat dari 1 167 2 menjadi I 251 6 kgha, sedangkan produksi kedelai tidak berpengaruh yaitu rata-rata 846 kgha Apabila dialur dalam sistem 2:4 (2 baris kapas diantara 4 baris kedelai), maka eisiensi fotosintcsis hanya meningkat dari 5.9 x \0A menjadi 77 x 10 mg C02mg H20 sehingga produksi kapas hanya meningkat dari I 167 2 menjadi I 206 2 kgha Pada kedua sistem lanam tersebut produktivitas galur 8800316/2 (1 323.3 kgha) lidak berbeda dengan Kanesia 7 (I 365.2 kg/ha) dan nyata lebih tinggi daripada galur 920166 (1 096 9 kgha) maupun 91001.29/2 (1 048 0 kgha).</p><p>Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum. kapas. Glycine Max, kedelai, kerapatan lanaman, tumpangsari, hasil</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Density of neyv cotton lines under intercropping system with soybean</strong></p><p>The ield trial on different crop densities for new cotton lines under intercropping system with soybean was conducted in Mojosari. East Java from May lo October 2000 on the rice ield ater harvest. The purpose of the study was to investigate die optimum population for new cotton lines under intercropping with soybean The field experiment was arranged in a Split Plot Design with three replications. Pour new cotton lines were allocated lo main plots 92016 6, 91001/29.2 (okra leal). 88003/16/2 and Kanesia 7 'Three crop arrangements were allocated to sub-plots: 1 (1 ):3 [1 cotton row (I plant/hole) in between 3 rows of soybean), 2(1 ):4 [ 2 coton rows (1 plant/hole) in between 4 rows of soybean, and 1(2):3 (1 cotton row (2 planlholc) in between 3 rows of soybean). Two replications for sole crops of cotton and soybean were included in this expeiment lo compare both cropping systems. Research showed that by keeping one cotton plant/hole under intercropping system wi(h soybean in arrangement of 1:3 11 conon row in between 3 rows of soybean), increased the photosynthetic efficiency from 5 9 x 10"* to 9.4 x 10"* mg C02/mg H20, causing cotton yield increased from 1167.2 to 1 251.6 kg/ha; however soybean yield did not differ between different propotions of cotton and soybean (846 kg/ha) Under arrangement of Iwo cotton rows * four rows of soybean, the photosynthetic efficiency increased from 5.9 x 10"1 to 7.7 x 10"* mg COj'mg HjO resulted in increased cotton yield from I 167.2 lo 1 206.2 kgha Ihe yield of line 88003/16 2 (1 323.3 kgha) did not differ with that on Kanesia 7 (I 365.2 kg/ha); both were higher than those on 92016/6 (1 096.9 kg/ha) and 91001 /29/2 (1 048.0 kgha).</p><p>Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, kapas. Glycine Max, soybean, crop density, intercropping, yield</p>

scholarly journals Legacy effects of soil fertility management on cereal dry matter and nitrogen grain yield of organic arable cropping systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 126169
Author(s):  
Johannes Wilhelmus Maria Pullens ◽  
Peter Sørensen ◽  
Bo Melander ◽  
Jørgen Eivind Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Fertility Management

Relative cost to soil fertility of long-term crop production without fertilization

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
J. T. Harapiak ◽  
G. P. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Rotation Phase ◽  
N Fertility

An earlier analysis of yield trends of stubble-wheat in six cropping systems, over 35 yr, in a thin Black Chernozemic soil at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, showed that fertilizer improved soil quality, while absence of fertilizer, combined with frequent fallowing, led to soil degradation. The inclusion of a legume green manure crop in the rotation failed to maintain soil fertility, apparently because legumes do not supply P. Because the fertility and stored moisture effects were confounded, we conducted a growth chamber experiment to quantify soil responses to N and P in these six cropping systems. Soil from the top 15-cm of the rotation phase that had just grown two successive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops was used. Various factorial combinations of ammonium nitrate-N and triple superphosphate-P were applied at N/P2O5 rates up to 200/200 kg ha−1. Soil moisture was maintained in the available range. Regression analysis showed that the fallow-wheat-wheat (F-W-W) and continuous wheat (Cont W) systems that had not been fertilized in 35 yr, and which had moderate amounts of NaHCO3-P, only responded to N. In contrast, the green manure (GM)- and hay (H)- containing systems, which had also not been fertilized before had low levels of NaHCO3-P and responded to both N and P. In the field, the yields of wheat grown on stubble in 1991 rated: Cont W (N + P) > F-W-W (N + P) > F-W-W-H-H-H > Cont W > GM-W-W > F-W-W. However, in the growth chamber the rating was: Cont W (N + P) > F-W-W-H-H-H > GM-W-W > Cont W > F-W-W (N + P) > F-W-W. We suggest that the growth chamber results more accurately reflect the present fertility status of these soils, because fertility is no longer confounded with soil moisture. Grain yields in the growth chamber were directly proportional to the previously measured initial potential rate of N mineralization, indicating the value of the latter parameter as a useful index of soil N fertility. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, soil degradation, legumes, fertilizers

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document