scholarly journals Comparing riparian buffer design classification data among watersheds representing Iowa landscapes

age ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Tomer ◽  
Sarah A. Porter ◽  
David E. James ◽  
Jessica D. Van Horn ◽  
Jarad Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Buffer Design

scholarly journals Riparian buffer effectiveness as a function of buffer design and input loads

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1599-1611
Author(s):  
Fei Jiang ◽  
Heather E. Preisendanz ◽  
Tamie L. Veith ◽  
Raj Cibin ◽  
Patrick J. Drohan
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Buffer Design

Process-Based Design Strengthens theAnalysis of Stream and Floodplain Systems under a Changing Climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garey A. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Climatic Extremes ◽  
Streambank Erosion ◽  
Vegetative Filter Strip ◽  
Buffer Design

HighlightsStream-riparian interactions and preferential flow remain two “unsolved” problems in hydrology.Using mechanistic approaches enables analysis of stream and floodplain systems under future climatic extremes.Engineers should verify stream restoration designs with models that consider stream-riparian interactions.Riparian buffer design models should consider preferential flow and be more widely used for site-specific design. Keywords: . Climate Variability, Floodplain, Preferential flow, Process-based design, Riparian buffer, Stream restoration, Streambank erosion, Vegetative Filter Strip.

Precision riparian buffers for the control of nonpoint source pollutant loading into surface water: A review

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Polyakov ◽  
Ali Fares ◽  
Micah H Ryder
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Buffer Design ◽  
Filter Water ◽  
Precision Conservation

Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of riparian buffers in reducing sediment, pathogen, and nutrient loads into surface and groundwater in agricultural catchments. Reported retention rates of sediment, N, and P were as high as 97%, 85%, and 84%, respectively. Often, however, riparian buffers fail to perform their protective functions due to low adaptability of their designs to local settings. This is caused by our inadequate understanding of the conditions under which riparian buffers perform the best at field scale. Therefore, a precision oriented approach based on thorough analysis of spatially variable characteristics of landscape has to be undertaken in riparian buffer construction. Such an approach has a potential to improve the protective qualities and the economic viability of the riparian buffers. This paper gives an overview of the current level of research on riparian buffers and discusses the importance of spatial variability of local conditions on their performance. It presents the approaches for precision buffer design and its practical implementation and highlights the directions for future development of precision conservation. Key words: riparian buffer, vegetative filter, water quality, precision conservation.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Importance of Preferential Flow in a Riparian Buffer

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 937-947
Author(s):  
Lucie Guertault ◽  
Garey A. Fox ◽  
Todd Halihan ◽  
Rafael Muñoz-Carpena
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Matrix Flow ◽  
Buffer Design ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Preferential Flow Pathways

HighlightsRiparian buffers and vegetative filter strips are uniquely susceptible to preferential flow.An innovative method is proposed to partition infiltration into matrix and macropore domains.Riparian buffer matrix and plot-scale infiltration experiments were simulated with HYDRUS-1D and VFSMOD.Preferential flow accounted for 32% to 47% of infiltration depending on hydrologic conditions.Preferential flow mechanisms should be incorporated into riparian buffer design tools and models.Abstract. Riparian buffers are uniquely susceptible to preferential flow due to the abundance of root channels, biological activity, and frequent wetting and drying cycles. Previous research has indicated such susceptibility and even measured the connectivity of preferential flow pathways with adjacent streams and rivers. However, limited research has attempted to partition the riparian buffer infiltration between matrix and preferential flow domains. The objectives of this research were to develop an innovative method to quantify soil matrix infiltration at the plot scale, develop a method to partition infiltration into matrix and macropore infiltration at the plot scale, and then use these methods to quantify the significance of macropore infiltration at a riparian buffer site. This research further demonstrated the importance of considering preferential flow processes in design tools and models to evaluate riparian buffer effectiveness. Sprinkler and runon field experiments were conducted at an established riparian buffer site with sandy loam soil. Trenches were installed and instrumented with soil moisture sensors along the width of the riparian buffer (i.e., along the flow path toward the stream) for detecting non-uniform flow patterns due to preferential flow. Riparian buffer parameters, including soil hydraulic parameters, were estimated using HYDRUS-1D for the sprinkler experiments and VFSMOD for the runon experiments. This research partitioned the infiltration into matrix and preferential flow domains by assuming negligible exchange of water between the soil matrix and preferential flow pathways in comparison to the magnitude of soil matrix flow. For these experimental conditions with 0.20 to 0.48 L s-1 of runon and initial soil water contents of 0.29 to 0.32 cm3 cm-3, preferential flow accounted for at least 27% to 32% of the total runon water entering the riparian buffer. This corresponded to approximately 32% to 47% of the total infiltration. While increasing the riparian buffer plot soil hydraulic conductivity in single-porosity models can adequately predict the total infiltration and therefore the surface outflow from the buffer, design tools and models should specifically consider preferential flow processes to improve predictive power regarding the actual infiltration processes and correspondingly the non-equilibrium flow and solute transport mechanisms. Keywords: Flow partitioning, HYDRUS, Matrix flow, Preferential flow, Riparian buffer, VFSMOD.

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