scholarly journals A Disquisition on the Active Sites of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2 to Value‐Added Chemicals and Fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1902106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman Daiyan ◽  
Wibawa Hendra Saputera ◽  
Hassan Masood ◽  
Josh Leverett ◽  
Xunyu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Value Added

Emerging Carbon‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide into Value‐Added Chemicals

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (13) ◽  
pp. 1804257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjie Wu ◽  
Tiva Sharifi ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Tianyu Zhang ◽  
Pulickel M. Ajayan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Carbon Based

Heterogeneous catalysts for gas-phase conversion of ethylene to higher olefins

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghashghaee
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Phase Conversion ◽  
Natural Gas Reservoirs

Abstract The reduced availability of propylene and C4 products from steam crackers continues to provoke on-purpose technologies for light olefins such that almost 30% of propylene in 2025 is predicted to be supplied from unconventional sources. Furthermore, the recent discoveries of natural gas reservoirs have urged interest in the conversion of surplus alkanes and alkenes, especially ethane and ethylene. The direct conversion of ethylene to propylene or a combination of value-added chemicals, including butylenes and oligomers in the range of gasoline and diesel fuel, provides the capability of responding to the fluctuations in the balance between supply and demand of the main petrochemicals. A comprehensive review of heterogeneous catalysts for the gas-phase conversion pathways is presented here in terms of catalytic performances (ethylene conversion and product selectivities), productivities, lifetimes, active sites, physicochemical properties, mechanisms, influence of operating conditions, deactivation and some unresolved/less-advanced aspects of the field. The addressed catalysts cover both zeolitic materials and transition metals, such as tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium and nickel. Efforts in both experimental and theoretical studies are taken into account. Aside from the potential fields of progress, the review reveals very promising performances for the emerging technologies to produce propylene, a mixture of propylene and butenes, or a liquid fuel from ethylene.

scholarly journals A Review on Metal-Organic Frameworks as Congenial Heterogeneous Catalysts for Potential Organic Transformations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kranthi Kumar Gangu ◽  
Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Catalytic Active Sites

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as versatile candidates of interest in heterogeneous catalysis. Recent research and developments with MOFs positively endorse their role as catalysts in generating invaluable organic compounds. To harness the full potential of MOFs in value-added organic transformation, a comprehensive look at how these materials are likely to involve in the catalytic processes is essential. Mainstays of MOFs such as metal nodes, linkers, encapsulation materials, and enveloped structures tend to produce capable catalytic active sites that offer solutions to reduce human efforts in developing new organic reactions. The main advantages of choosing MOFs as reusable catalysts are the flexible and robust skeleton, regular porosity, high pore volume, and accessible synthesis accompanied with cost-effectiveness. As hosts for active metals, sole MOFs, modified MOFs, and MOFs have made remarkable advances as solid catalysts. The extensive exploration of the MOFs possibly led to their fast adoption in fabricating new biological molecules such as pyridines, quinolines, quinazolinones, imines, and their derivatives. This review covers the varied MOFs and their catalytic properties in facilitating the selective formation of the product organic moieties and interprets MOF’s property responsible for their elegant performance.

What catalysis needs from the electron microscopist

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
Alexis T. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Internal Surface Area ◽  
Porous Support

Heterogeneous catalysts, used in industry for the production of fuels and chemicals, are microporous solids characterized by a high internal surface area. The catalyticly active sites may occur at the surface of the bulk solid or of small crystallites deposited on a porous support. An example of the former case would be a zeolite, and of the latter, a supported metal catalyst. Since the activity and selectivity of a catalyst are known to be a function of surface composition and structure, it is highly desirable to characterize catalyst surfaces with atomic scale resolution. Where the active phase is dispersed on a support, it is also important to know the dispersion of the deposited phase, as well as its structural and compositional uniformity, the latter characteristics being particularly important in the case of multicomponent catalysts. Knowledge of the pore size and shape is also important, since these can influence the transport of reactants and products through a catalyst and the dynamics of catalyst deactivation.

An overview of flow cell architectures design and optimization for electrochemical CO2 reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dui Ma ◽  
Ting Jin ◽  
Keyu Xie ◽  
Haitao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels

Converting CO2 into value-added fuels or chemical feedstocks through electrochemical reduction is one of the several promising avenues to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and alleviate global warming. This approach...

Zn nanosheets coated with a ZnS subnanometer layer for effective and durable CO2 reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglong Li ◽  
Gurong Shen ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Deyao Wu ◽  
Chengqin Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmental Crisis

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 into value-added chemicals provides a facile solution to energy and environmental crisis.

Salen ligand complexes as electrocatalysts for direct electrochemical reduction of gaseous carbon dioxide to value added products

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 3581-3589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Singh ◽  
Bedika Phukan ◽  
Chandan Mukherjee ◽  
Anil Verma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Salen Complexes ◽  
Gaseous Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Salen Ligand ◽  
Centrosymmetric Molecule ◽  
Value Added Products

CO2, being a linear and centrosymmetric molecule, is very stable, and the electrochemical reduction of CO2 requires energy. However, the salen complexes are found to be very efficient to minimize overpotential as compared to their metal counterparts.

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