scholarly journals Precise Ultrasound Neuromodulation in a Deep Brain Region Using Nano Gas Vesicles as Actuators

2021 ◽  
pp. 2101934
Author(s):  
Xuandi Hou ◽  
Zhihai Qiu ◽  
Quanxiang Xian ◽  
Shashwati Kala ◽  
Jianing Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Region ◽  
Gas Vesicles ◽  
Deep Brain Region ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals Studies on Aggregated Nanoparticles Steering during Deep Brain Membrane Crossing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
Ali Kafash Kafash Hoshiar ◽  
Shahriar Dadras Dadras Javan ◽  
Tuan-Anh Le ◽  
Mohammad Reza Hairi Hairi Yazdi ◽  
Jungwon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Brain Region ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Brain Membrane ◽  
Deep Brain Region ◽  
Membrane Crossing ◽  
Deep Brain

Many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), affect the deep brain region, which hinders their effective treatment. The hippocampus, a deep brain area critical for learning and memory, is especially vulnerable to damage during early stages of AD. Magnetic drug targeting has shown high potential in delivering drugs to a targeted disease site effectively by applying a strong electromagnetic force. This study illustrates a nanotechnology-based scheme for delivering magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) to the deep brain region. First, we developed a mathematical model and a molecular dynamic simulation to analyze membrane crossing, and to study the effects of particle size, aggregation, and crossing velocities. Then, using in vitro experiments, we studied effective parameters in aggregation. We have also studied the process and environmental parameters. We have demonstrated that aggregation size can be controlled when particles are subjected to external electromagnetic fields. Our simulations and experimental studies can be used for capturing MNPs in brain, the transport of particles across the intact BBB and deep region targeting. These results are in line with previous in vivo studies and establish an effective strategy for deep brain region targeting with drug loaded MNPs through the application of an external electromagnetic field.

scholarly journals Direct visualization and characterization of the human zona incerta and surrounding structures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Lau ◽  
Yiming Xiao ◽  
Roy A.M. Haast ◽  
Greydon Gilmore ◽  
Kamil Uludag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zona Incerta ◽  
7 Tesla ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Medial Lemniscus ◽  
High Magnetic Field Strength ◽  
Deep Brain Region ◽  
Tissue Characteristics ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractThe zona incerta (ZI) is a small gray matter region of the deep brain first identified in the 19th century, yet direct in vivo visualization and characterization has remained elusive. Noninvasive detection of the ZI and surrounding region could be critical to further our understanding of this widely connected but poorly understood deep brain region and could contribute to the development and optimization of neuromodulatory therapies. We demonstrate that high resolution (submillimetric) longitudinal (T1) relaxometry measurements at high magnetic field strength (7 Tesla) can be used to delineate the ZI from surrounding white matter structures, specifically the fasciculus cerebellothalamicus, fields of Forel (fasciculus lenticularis, fasciculus thalamicus, field H), and medial lemniscus. Using this approach, we successfully derived in vivo estimates of the size, shape, location, and tissue characteristics of substructures in the ZI region, confirming observations only previously possible through histological evaluation that this region is not just a space between structures but contains distinct morphological entities that should be considered separately. Our findings pave the way for increasingly detailed in vivo study and provide a structural foundation for precise functional and neuromodulatory investigation.

scholarly journals Group-Level Analysis of Induced Electric Field in Deep Brain Regions by Different TMS Coils

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Gomez-Tames ◽  
Atsushi Hamasaka ◽  
Akimasa Hirata ◽  
Ilkka Laakso ◽  
Mai Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Registration Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Consistent Group ◽  
Coil Performance ◽  
Deep Brain Region ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractDeep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) is a non-invasive technique used in treating depression. In this study, we computationally evaluate group-level dosage during dTMS with the aim of characterizing targeted deep brain regions to overcome the limitation of using individualized head models to characterize coil performance in a population.We use an inter-subject registration method adapted to deep brain regions that enable projection of computed electric fields (EFs) from individual realistic head models (n= 18) to the average space of deep brain regions. The computational results showed consistent group-level hotspots of the EF in deep brain region with intensities between 20%-50% of the maximum EF in the cortex. Large co-activation in other brain regions was confirmed while half-value penetration depth from the cortical surface was smaller than 2 cm. The halo figure-8 assembly and halo circular assembly coils induced the highest EFs for caudate, putamen, and hippocampus.Generalized induced EF maps of deep regions show target regions despite inter-individual difference. This is the first study that visualizes generalized target regions during dTMS and provides a method for making informed decisions during dTMS interventions in clinical practice.

Nicht-medikamentöse Optionen zur Behandlung pharmakoresistenter Epilepsien

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 448-454
Author(s):  
Thomas Grunwald ◽  
Judith Kröll
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Tiefe Hirnstimulation ◽  
Ketogene Diät ◽  
Deep Brain

Zusammenfassung. Wenn mit den ersten beiden anfallspräventiven Medikamenten keine Anfallsfreiheit erzielt werden konnte, so ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dies mit anderen Medikamenten zu erreichen, nur noch ca. 10 %. Es sollte dann geprüft werden, warum eine Pharmakoresistenz besteht und ob ein epilepsiechirurgischer Eingriff zur Anfallsfreiheit führen kann. Ist eine solche Operation nicht möglich, so können palliative Verfahren wie die Vagus-Nerv-Stimulation (VNS) und die tiefe Hirnstimulation (Deep Brain Stimulation) in eine bessere Anfallskontrolle ermöglichen. Insbesondere bei schweren kindlichen Epilepsien stellt auch die ketogene Diät eine zu erwägende Option dar.

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