scholarly journals Control of Brain State Transitions with a Photoswitchable Muscarinic Agonist

2021 ◽  
pp. 2005027
Author(s):  
Almudena Barbero‐Castillo ◽  
Fabio Riefolo ◽  
Carlo Matera ◽  
Sara Caldas‐Martínez ◽  
Pedro Mateos‐Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Transitions ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Muscarinic Agonist

scholarly journals Control of brain state transitions with light

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almudena Barbero-Castillo ◽  
Fabio Riefolo ◽  
Carlo Matera ◽  
Sara Caldas-Martínez ◽  
Pedro Mateos-Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Muscarinic Agonist ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
Brain Rhythms ◽  
Brain States ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTBehavior is driven by specific neuronal activity and can be directly associated with characteristic brain states. The oscillatory activity of neurons contains information about the mental state of an individual, and the transition between physiological brain states is largely controlled by neuromodulators. Manipulating neural activity, brain rhythms or synchronization is of significant therapeutic interest in several neurological disorders and can be achieved by different means such as transcranial current and magnetic stimulation techniques, and by light through optogenetics, although the clinical translation of the latter is hampered by the need of gene therapy. Here, we directly modulate brain rhythms with light using a novel photoswitchable muscarinic agonist. Synchronous slow wave activity is transformed into a higher frequency pattern in the cerebral cortex both in slices in vitro and in anesthetized mice. These results open the way to the study of the neuromodulation and control of spatiotemporal patterns of activity and pharmacology of brain states, their transitions, and their links to cognition and behavior, in different organisms without requiring any genetic manipulation.

scholarly journals Cortex-wide Changes in Extracellular Potassium Ions Parallel Brain State Transitions in Awake Behaving Mice

Cell Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1182-1194.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Rasmussen ◽  
Eric Nicholas ◽  
Nicolas Caesar Petersen ◽  
Andrea Grostøl Dietz ◽  
Qiwu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Transitions ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Potassium Ions

scholarly journals Optimal trajectories of brain state transitions

NeuroImage ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Gu ◽  
Richard F. Betzel ◽  
Marcelo G. Mattar ◽  
Matthew Cieslak ◽  
Philip R. Delio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Transitions ◽  
Optimal Trajectories ◽  
Brain State

The Temporal Dynamics of Spontaneous Emotional Brain States and Their Implications for Mental Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Philip A. Kragel ◽  
Ahmad R. Hariri ◽  
Kevin S. LaBar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Emotional Responding ◽  
Brain States

Abstract Temporal processes play an important role in elaborating and regulating emotional responding during routine mind wandering. However, it is unknown whether the human brain reliably transitions among multiple emotional states at rest and how psychopathology alters these affect dynamics. Here, we combined pattern classification and stochastic process modeling to investigate the chronometry of spontaneous brain activity indicative of six emotions (anger, contentment, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) and a neutral state. We modeled the dynamic emergence of these brain states during resting-state fMRI and validated the results across two population cohorts—the Duke Neurogenetics Study and the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample. Our findings indicate that intrinsic emotional brain dynamics are effectively characterized as a discrete-time Markov process, with affective states organized around a neutral hub. The centrality of this network hub is disrupted in individuals with psychopathology, whose brain state transitions exhibit greater inertia and less frequent resetting from emotional to neutral states. These results yield novel insights into how the brain signals spontaneous emotions and how alterations in their temporal dynamics contribute to compromised mental health.

Schizophrenia as a Disorder of Cerebral State Transition

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Wright ◽  
R. R. Kydd
Keyword(s):  
State Transition ◽  
Finite State Machines ◽  
The State ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Brain State ◽  
State Machines ◽  
Electrocortical Activity ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Finite State

This paper offers a speculative consideration of the schizophrenic process in the light of recent findings concerning the wave nature of electrocortical activity. These findings indicate that changes of brain state can be described in the terminology of finite-state machines, and both the instantaneous states and the state transitions can be specified. It is suggested that the mental phenomena of schizophrenia may be reducible to events (some specific type of instability) which could be observed by appropriate analytic techniques applied to EEG. Present empirical EEG findings in schizophrenics are reviewed in this light, and the role of dopamine blockade in treatment is also considered.

scholarly journals Brain network dynamics during working memory are modulated by dopamine and diminished in schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Braun ◽  
Anais Harneit ◽  
Giulio Pergola ◽  
Tommaso Menara ◽  
Axel Schäfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Network Control ◽  
D1 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Dopamine Signaling

AbstractDynamical brain state transitions are critical for flexible working memory but the network mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we show that working memory performance entails brain-wide switching between activity states using a combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy controls and individuals with schizophrenia, pharmacological fMRI, genetic analyses and network control theory. The stability of states relates to dopamine D1 receptor gene expression while state transitions are influenced by D2 receptor expression and pharmacological modulation. Individuals with schizophrenia show altered network control properties, including a more diverse energy landscape and decreased stability of working memory representations. Our results demonstrate the relevance of dopamine signaling for the steering of whole-brain network dynamics during working memory and link these processes to schizophrenia pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Stretching and squeezing of neuronal log firing rate distribution by psychedelic and intrinsic brain state transitions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Dearnley ◽  
Martynas Dervinis ◽  
Melissa Shaw ◽  
Michael Okun
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Rate Distribution ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Intrinsic Fluctuations

AbstractHow psychedelic drugs change the activity of cortical neuronal populations and whether such changes are specific to transition into the psychedelic brain state or shared with other brain state transitions is not well understood. Here, we used Neuropixels probes to record from large populations of neurons in prefrontal cortex of mice given the psychedelic drug TCB-2. Drug ingestion significantly stretched the distribution of log firing rates of the population of recorded neurons. This phenomenon was previously observed across transitions between sleep and wakefulness, which suggested that stretching of the log-rate distribution can be triggered by different kinds of brain state transitions and prompted us to examine it in more detail. We found that modulation of the width of the log-rate distribution of a neuronal population occurred in multiple areas of the cortex and in the hippocampus even in awake drug-free mice, driven by intrinsic fluctuations in their arousal level. Arousal, however, did not explain the stretching of the log-rate distribution by TCB-2. In both psychedelic and naturally occurring brain state transitions, the stretching or squeezing of the log-rate distribution of an entire neuronal population reflected concomitant changes in two subpopulations, with one subpopulation undergoing a downregulation and often also stretching of its neurons’ log-rate distribution, while the other subpopulation undergoes upregulation and often also a squeeze of its log-rate distribution. In both subpopulations, the stretching and squeezing were a signature of a greater relative impact of the brain state transition on the rates of the slow-firing neurons. These findings reveal a generic pattern of reorganisation of neuronal firing rates by different kinds of brain state transitions.

A nodal point for brain-state transitions: the mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area (MPTA) in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai-lee Yatziv ◽  
Noga Strumza ◽  
Anne Minert ◽  
Mark Baron ◽  
Marshall Devor
Keyword(s):  
Nodal Point ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Brain State

scholarly journals Does Global Astrocytic Calcium Signaling Participate in Awake Brain State Transitions and Neuronal Circuit Function?

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1810-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Kjaerby ◽  
Rune Rasmussen ◽  
Mie Andersen ◽  
Maiken Nedergaard
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Signaling ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Neuronal Circuit ◽  
Circuit Function
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