scholarly journals Nanogap Structures: Large‐Scale Sub‐1‐nm Random Gaps Approaching the Quantum Upper Limit for Quantitative Chemical Sensing (Advanced Optical Materials 24/2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
pp. 2070095
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Haifeng Hu ◽  
Matthew Singer ◽  
Kuang‐hui Li ◽  
Lyu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Quantitative Chemical

scholarly journals Large‐Scale Sub‐1‐nm Random Gaps Approaching the Quantum Upper Limit for Quantitative Chemical Sensing

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
pp. 2001634
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Haifeng Hu ◽  
Matthew Singer ◽  
Kuang‐hui Li ◽  
Lyu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Quantitative Chemical

scholarly journals Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okuyan Ertugrul ◽  
Uslu Ahmet ◽  
Enhos Asim ◽  
Hepgul E. Gulcin ◽  
Ayca Burak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Tsh Levels

Introduction. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined as a serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level above the upper limit of normal despite normal levels of serum free thyroxine. There is growing evidence that SCH is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We tried to investigate prevalence of SCH in acute myocardial infarction patients. Methods and Results. We evaluate free T3, free T4, and TSH levels of 604 patients (age 58.4) retrospectively, who have been admitted to the coronary intensive care unit between years 2004–2009 with the diagnosis of ST elevation (STEMI) or non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Mild subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 4.5 to 9.9 mU/l) was present in 54 (8.94%) participants and severe subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 10.0 to 19.9 mU/l) in 11 (1.82%). So 65 patients (10.76%) had TSH levels between 4.5 and 20. Conclusions. In conclusion, 65 patients (10.76%) had TSH levels between 4.5 and 20 in our study, and it is a considerable amount. Large-scale studies are needed to clarify the effects of SCH on myocardial infarction both on etiologic and prognostic grounds.

scholarly journals Some Observations on the Behavior of the Liquid and Gas Phases in Temperate Glacier Ice

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 213-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Raymond ◽  
W. D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Typical Summer

Microscopic and textural observations were made on ice samples cored from Blue Glacier slightly below the equilibrium line to depths of 60 m. Observations were started within a few minutes after collection Water was found in veins along three-grain intersections, in lenses on grain boundaries and in irregular shapes. Gas was found in bubbles in the interior of crystals, in bubbles touching veins and locally in veins Vein sizes showed some spread; average cross-sectional area was about 74 × 10−4mm2with no discernible, trend with texture or depth except within 7 m of the surface. Before the samples were examined they could have experienced a complex relaxation which could have changed them significantly As a result it is not possible to determine thein situsize of veins, but an upper limit can be determined. Also it is not possible to predict intergranular water flux per unit area, but 1 × 10−1m a−1represents an upper limit. In coarse-grained ice the water flux density is likely to be even smaller, because of a low density of veins and blocking by bubbles. This indicates that only a very small fraction of the melt-water production on a typical summer day can penetrate into the glacier on an intergranular scale except possibly near the surface. The existence of conduit-like features in several cores suggests that much melt water ran nevertheless penetrate the ice locally without large-scale lateral movements along the glacier surface. The observed profile of ice temperature indicates that the intergranular water flux may be much smaller than the upper limit determined from the core samples.

scholarly journals A logistic model for age-specific COVID-19 case-fatality rates

JAMIA Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Qunfeng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
General Population ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Upper Limit

Abstract To develop a mathematical model to characterize age-specific case-fatality rates (CFR) of COVID-19. Based on 2 large-scale Chinese and Italian CFR data, a logistic model was derived to provide quantitative insight on the dynamics between CFR and age. We inferred that CFR increased faster in Italy than in China, as well as in females over males. In addition, while CFR increased with age, the rate of growth eventually slowed down, with a predicted theoretical upper limit for males (32%), females (21%), and the general population (23%). Our logistic model provided quantitative insight on the dynamics of CFR.

scholarly journals Some Observations on the Behavior of the Liquid and Gas Phases in Temperate Glacier Ice

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 213-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Raymond ◽  
W. D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Typical Summer

Microscopic and textural observations were made on ice samples cored from Blue Glacier slightly below the equilibrium line to depths of 60 m. Observations were started within a few minutes after collection. Water was found in veins along three-grain intersections, in lenses on grain boundaries and in irregular shapes. Gas was found in bubbles in the interior of crystals, in bubbles touching veins, and locally in veins. Vein sizes showed some spread; average cross-sectional area was about 7 × 10−4 mm2 with no discernible, trend with texture or depth except within 7 m of the surface. Before the samples were examined they could have experienced a complex relaxation which could have changed them significantly. As a result it is not possible to determine the in situ size of veins, but an upper limit can be determined. Also it is not possible to predict intergranular water flux per unit area, but 1 × 10−1 m a−1 represents an upper limit. In coarse-grained ice the water flux density is likely to be even smaller, because of a low density of veins, and blocking by bubbles. This indicates that only a very small fraction of the melt-water production on a typical summer day can penetrate into the glacier on an intergranular scale except possibly near the surface. The existence of conduit-like features in several cores suggests that much melt water can nevertheless penetrate the ice locally without large-scale lateral movements along the glacier surface. The observed profile of ice temperature indicates that the intergranular water flux may be much smaller than the upper limit determined from the core samples.

Possibility of an inverse cascade of magnetic helicity in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

1975 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Frisch ◽  
A. Pouquet ◽  
J. LÉOrat ◽  
A. Mazure
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Helicity ◽  
Kinetic Energy Density ◽  
Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence ◽  
Magnetic Energy Density ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Cross Correlations

Some of the consequences of the conservation of magnetic helicity$\int \rm{a.b}\it{d}^{\rm{3}}\rm{r\qquad (a\; =\; vector\; potential\; of\; magnetic\; field\; b)}$for incompressible three-dimensional turbulent MHD flows are investigated. Absolute equilibrium spectra for inviscid infinitely conducting flows truncated at lower and upper wavenumberskminandkmaxare obtained. When the total magnetic helicity approaches an upper limit given by the total energy (kinetic plus magnetic) divided bykmin, the spectra of magnetic energy and helicity are strongly peaked nearkmin; in addition, when the cross-correlations between the velocity and magnetic fields are small, the magnetic energy density nearkmingreatly exceeds the kinetic energy density. Several arguments are presented in favour of the existence of inverse cascades of magnetic helicity towards small wavenumbers leading to the generation of large-scale magnetic energy.

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