scholarly journals 3D Printing: 3D Printed Functionally Graded Plasmonic Constructs (Advanced Optical Materials 18/2017)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Haring ◽  
Assad U. Khan ◽  
Guoliang Liu ◽  
Blake N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
3D Printed

On mechanical and surface properties of electro-active polymer matrix-based 3D printed functionally graded prototypes

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572090767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Sharma ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Ajay Batish
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

This research article reports the mechanical and surface properties of 3D printed electro-active polymer (EAP) matrix-based functionally graded prototypes with fused deposition modeling. The standard tensile specimens (per ASTM D-638-type IV) have been 3D printed using in-house developed feedstock filament. The EAP, polyvinyl diene fluoride (PVDF)-based matrix, has been used with the reinforcement of barium titanate (BT) and graphene (Gr) in this study. The fixed proportion of the polymer matrix composite comprising PVDF (78 wt%) + Gr (2 wt%) + BT (20 wt%) has been selected for 3D printing of smart polymer matrix. The results of mechanical testing suggested that the 3D printing of parts performed at 50 mm/s infill speed; infill angle of 45° at maximum density level (100%) has shown better mechanical strength (peak strength 42.98 MPa and break strength 40.70 MPa). The result of surface hardness has shown strong correlation with observed tensile properties. The microphotographs of fractured surfaces revealed that the parts fabricated at highest density have minimum porosity, resulting into better mechanical performance as compared to parts fabricated at lower density level. Further the results of mechanical testing have been supported by 3D rendered images and surface roughness profile.

Voxel-Based CAD Framework for Planning Functionally Graded and Multi-Step Rapid Fabrication Processes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cole Brauer ◽  
Daniel M. Aukes
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Rapid Fabrication ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
New Framework

Abstract In this paper we describe a new framework for planning functionally graded and multi-step fabrication processes for use in rapid prototyping applications. This framework is contributing to software tools that will simplify planning multi-material manufacturing processes and thereby make this type of manufacturing more accessible. We introduce the material description itself, low-level operations which can be used to combine one or more geometries together, and algorithms which assist the designer in computing manufacturing-compatible sequences. We then apply these tools to several example scenarios. First, we demonstrate the use of a Gaussian blur to add graded material transitions to a model which can then be produced using a multimaterial 3D printing process. Our second example highlights our solution to the problem of inserting a discrete, off-the-shelf part into a 3D printed model during the printing sequence. Finally, we implement this second example and manufacture two example components. The results show that the framework can be used to effectively generate the files needed to produce specific classes of parts.

Biomimetic design considerations for 3D-printed joints

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Luna
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Biomimetic Design ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
3D Printed

3D-printing innovations are being explored as a uniting framework for the future of individualized joint replacement. The ability to convert 2D medical images to adjustable 3D models means a patient’s own anatomy can serve as the foundation for implant design. There are three biomimetic design considerations to understand the research on these new implants. First, optimizing the unit cell of 3D models can give researchers the essential building block necessary to 3D-print reliable artificial joints. Second, adequate porosity when designing a 3D-printed biomimetic joint is a balance between strength and the need for osseointegration. Third, functionally graded material as a design principle connects unit cell and porosity to create a 3D-printed product with complex properties along different spacial axes. 3D printing offers the opportunity to incorporate biomimetic design principles that were previously unobtainable with traditional manufacturing methods.

scholarly journals 3D Printing On-Water Sports Boards with Bio-Inspired Core Designs

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Soltani ◽  
Reza Noroozi ◽  
Mahdi Bodaghi ◽  
Ali Zolfagharian ◽  
Reza Hedayati
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Core Structure ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Water Sports

Modeling and analyzing the sports equipment for injury prevention, reduction in cost, and performance enhancement have gained considerable attention in the sports engineering community. In this regard, the structure study of on-water sports board (surfboard, kiteboard, and skimboard) is vital due to its close relation with environmental and human health as well as performance and safety of the board. The aim of this paper is to advance the on-water sports board through various bio-inspired core structure designs such as honeycomb, spiderweb, pinecone, and carbon atom configuration fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Fused deposition modeling was employed to fabricate complex structures from polylactic acid (PLA) materials. A 3D-printed sample board with a uniform honeycomb structure was designed, 3D printed, and tested under three-point bending conditions. A geometrically linear analytical method was developed for the honeycomb core structure using the energy method and considering the equivalent section for honeycombs. A geometrically non-linear finite element method based on the ABAQUS software was also employed to simulate the boards with various core designs. Experiments were conducted to verify the analytical and numerical results. After validation, various patterns were simulated, and it was found that bio-inspired functionally graded honeycomb structure had the best bending performance. Due to the absence of similar designs and results in the literature, this paper is expected to advance the state of the art of on-water sports boards and provide designers with structures that could enhance the performance of sports equipment.

Biodegradable 3D Printed Polymer Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽  
Danielle R. Berry ◽  
John C. Reagan ◽  
Ronald A. Smaldone ◽  
Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Microfabrication Technique ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

Biodegradable polymer microneedle (MN) arrays are an emerging class of transdermal drug delivery devices that promise a painless and sanitary alternative to syringes; however, prototyping bespoke needle architectures is expensive and requires production of new master templates. Here, we present a new microfabrication technique for MNs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing using polylactic acid, an FDA approved, renewable, biodegradable, thermoplastic material. We show how this natural degradability can be exploited to overcome a key challenge of FDM 3D printing, in particular the low resolution of these printers. We improved the feature size of the printed parts significantly by developing a post fabrication chemical etching protocol, which allowed us to access tip sizes as small as 1 μm. With 3D modeling software, various MN shapes were designed and printed rapidly with custom needle density, length, and shape. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that our method resulted in needle tip sizes in the range of 1 – 55 µm, which could successfully penetrate and break off into porcine skin. We have also shown that these MNs have comparable mechanical strengths to currently fabricated MNs and we further demonstrated how the swellability of PLA can be exploited to load small molecule drugs and how its degradability in skin can release those small molecules over time.

Biomimetic Design of 3D Printed Tissue-engineered bone Constructs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Shifeng Liu ◽  
Yunzhe Li ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Qian ma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Bionic Design ◽  
Material Interfaces ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Cell Printing ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract:: Surgery to repair damaged tissue, which is caused by disease or trauma, is being carried out all the time, and a desirable treatment is compelling need to regenerate damaged tissues to further improve the quality of human health. Therefore, more and more research focus on exploring the most suitable bionic design to enrich available treatment methods. 3D-printing, as an advanced materials processing approach, holds promising potential to create prototypes with complex constructs that could reproduce primitive tissues and organs as much as possible or provide appropriate cell-material interfaces. In a sense, 3D printing promises to bridge between tissue engineering and bionic design, which can provide an unprecedented personalized recapitulation with biomimetic function under the precise control of the composition and spatial distribution of cells and biomaterials. This article describes recent progress in 3D bionic design and the potential application prospect of 3D printing regenerative medicine including 3D printing biomimetic scaffolds and 3D cell printing in tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Design of a 3D-printed hand prosthesis featuring articulated bio-inspired fingers

2020 ◽  
pp. 095441192098088
Author(s):  
Juan Sebastian Cuellar ◽  
Dick Plettenburg ◽  
Amir A Zadpoor ◽  
Paul Breedveld ◽  
Gerwin Smit
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Hand Prosthesis ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Pinch Force ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Energy Dissipated ◽  
Dual Material

Various upper-limb prostheses have been designed for 3D printing but only a few of them are based on bio-inspired design principles and many anatomical details are not typically incorporated even though 3D printing offers advantages that facilitate the application of such design principles. We therefore aimed to apply a bio-inspired approach to the design and fabrication of articulated fingers for a new type of 3D printed hand prosthesis that is body-powered and complies with basic user requirements. We first studied the biological structure of human fingers and their movement control mechanisms in order to devise the transmission and actuation system. A number of working principles were established and various simplifications were made to fabricate the hand prosthesis using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer with dual material extrusion. We then evaluated the mechanical performance of the prosthetic device by measuring its ability to exert pinch forces and the energy dissipated during each operational cycle. We fabricated our prototypes using three polymeric materials including PLA, TPU, and Nylon. The total weight of the prosthesis was 92 g with a total material cost of 12 US dollars. The energy dissipated during each cycle was 0.380 Nm with a pinch force of ≈16 N corresponding to an input force of 100 N. The hand is actuated by a conventional pulling cable used in BP prostheses. It is connected to a shoulder strap at one end and to the coupling of the whiffle tree mechanism at the other end. The whiffle tree mechanism distributes the force to the four tendons, which bend all fingers simultaneously when pulled. The design described in this manuscript demonstrates several bio-inspired design features and is capable of performing different grasping patterns due to the adaptive grasping provided by the articulated fingers. The pinch force obtained is superior to other fully 3D printed body-powered hand prostheses, but still below that of conventional body powered hand prostheses. We present a 3D printed bio-inspired prosthetic hand that is body-powered and includes all of the following characteristics: adaptive grasping, articulated fingers, and minimized post-printing assembly. Additionally, the low cost and low weight make this prosthetic hand a worthy option mainly in locations where state-of-the-art prosthetic workshops are absent.

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