scholarly journals Advanced Nanomaterials for Preparedness Against (Re‐)Emerging Viral Diseases (Adv. Mater. 47/2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (47) ◽  
pp. 2170366
Author(s):  
Eunjung Kim ◽  
Eun‐Kyung Lim ◽  
Geunseon Park ◽  
Chaewon Park ◽  
Jong‐Woo Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases

scholarly journals Ocular manifestations of emerging viral diseases

Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Venkatesh ◽  
Ravi Patel ◽  
Simran Goyal ◽  
Timothy Rajaratnam ◽  
Anant Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are an increasing threat to public health on a global scale. In recent times, the most prominent outbreaks have constituted RNA viruses, spreading via droplets (COVID-19 and Influenza A H1N1), directly between humans (Ebola and Marburg), via arthropod vectors (Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Chikungunya, Crimean Congo) and zoonotically (Lassa fever, Nipah, Rift Valley fever, Hantaviruses). However, specific approved antiviral therapies and vaccine availability are scarce, and public health measures remain critical. Patients can present with a spectrum of ocular manifestations. Emerging infectious diseases should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of ocular inflammatory conditions in patients inhabiting or returning from endemic territories, and more general vigilance is advisable in the context of a global pandemic. Eye specialists are in a position to facilitate swift diagnosis, improve clinical outcomes, and contribute to wider public health efforts during outbreaks. This article reviews those emerging viral diseases associated with reports of ocular manifestations and summarizes details pertinent to practicing eye specialists.

scholarly journals Aptamer Applications in Emerging Viral Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Arne Krüger ◽  
Ana Paula de Jesus Santos ◽  
Vanessa de Sá ◽  
Henning Ulrich ◽  
Carsten Wrenger
Keyword(s):  
Virus Assembly ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Tissue Penetration ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Oligonucleotide Library ◽  
In Vivo Diagnosis ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases

Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules which are submitted to a process denominated SELEX. SELEX uses reiterative screening of a random oligonucleotide library to identify high-affinity binders to a chosen target, which may be a peptide, protein, or entire cells or viral particles. Aptamers can rival antibodies in target recognition, and benefit from their non-proteic nature, ease of modification, increased stability, and pharmacokinetic properties. This turns them into ideal candidates for diagnostic as well as therapeutic applications. Here, we review the recent accomplishments in the development of aptamers targeting emerging viral diseases, with emphasis on recent findings of aptamers binding to coronaviruses. We focus on aptamer development for diagnosis, including biosensors, in addition to aptamer modifications for stabilization in body fluids and tissue penetration. Such aptamers are aimed at in vivo diagnosis and treatment, such as quantification of viral load and blocking host cell invasion, virus assembly, or replication, respectively. Although there are currently no in vivo applications of aptamers in combating viral diseases, such strategies are promising for therapy development in the future.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in comparison with other emerging viral diseases: risk of geographic spread via travel

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wilder-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases

Abstract Purpose of review The COVID-19 pandemic poses a major global health threat. The rapid spread was facilitated by air travel although rigorous travel bans and lockdowns were able to slow down the spread. How does COVID-19 compare with other emerging viral diseases of the past two decades? Recent findings Viral outbreaks differ in many ways, such as the individuals most at risk e.g. pregnant women for Zika and the elderly for COVID-19, their vectors of transmission, their fatality rate, and their transmissibility often measured as basic reproduction number. The risk of geographic spread via air travel differs significantly between emerging infectious diseases. Summary COVID-19 is not associated with the highest case fatality rate compared with other emerging viral diseases such as SARS and Ebola, but the combination of a high reproduction number, superspreading events and a globally immunologically naïve population has led to the highest global number of deaths in the past 20 decade compared to any other pandemic.

Emerging Viral Diseases in Dromedary Camels in the Southern Morocco*

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Touil ◽  
Z. Cherkaoui ◽  
Z. Lmrabih ◽  
C. Loutfi ◽  
B. Harif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases

Emerging viral diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 020-027
Author(s):  
Angel San Miguel Hernández ◽  
María San Miguel Rodríguez ◽  
Angel San Miguel Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
Virus Model ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases

Emerging viral diseases encompass two types, those of new appearance in the population and those that we previously knew about or re-emerging, but that at a certain moment present an exponential increase in incidence or geographic distribution in the form of epidemics or outbreaks. These emerging and re-emerging viruses share a series of characteristics that establish the emerging virus model, such as having an RNA genome, being zoonotic, transmitted by vectors and transmissible to humans, that the virus is able to recognize and provoke a response in receptors. Conserved in several species and inhabiting ecosystems that undergo ecological, demographic or social changes that favor the spread of the virus. There are different factors that contribute to facilitating the emergence of viral infections, although this is made up of three fundamental aspects such as the susceptible population, the virus itself and the environment where both can interact.

Emerging Viral Diseases of Vegetable Crops: An Outline and Sustainable Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-456
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ansar ◽  
A. Srinivasaraghavan ◽  
Monika Karn ◽  
Aniruddha Kumar Agnihotri
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases

scholarly journals Antiviral therapies against Ebola and other emerging viral diseases using existing medicines that block virus entry

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Long ◽  
Edward Wright ◽  
Eleonora Molesti ◽  
Nigel Temperton ◽  
Wendy Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases ◽  
Global Population

Emerging viral diseases pose a threat to the global population as intervention strategies are mainly limited to basic containment due to the lack of efficacious and approved vaccines and antiviral drugs. The former was the only available intervention when the current unprecedented Ebolavirus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa began. Prior to this, the development of EBOV vaccines and anti-viral therapies required time and resources that were not available. Therefore, focus has turned to re-purposing of existing, licenced medicines that may limit the morbidity and mortality rates of EBOV and could be used immediately. Here we test three such medicines and measure their ability to inhibit pseudotype viruses (PVs) of two EBOV species, Marburg virus (MARV) and avian influenza H5 (FLU-H5). We confirm the ability of chloroquine (CQ) to inhibit viral entry in a pH specific manner. The commonly used proton pump inhibitors, Omeprazole and Esomeprazole were also able to inhibit entry of all PVs tested but at higher drug concentrations than may be achievedin vivo. We propose CQ as a priority candidate to consider for treatment of EBOV.

Emerging Viral Diseases of Fish and Shrimp

2006 ◽  
pp. 35-58
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Xiaoting Lin ◽  
Guangyong Ma ◽  
Xiaoge Bai
Keyword(s):  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases
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