scholarly journals Two‐Photon 3D Laser Printing Inside Synthetic Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 2106709
Author(s):  
Tobias Abele ◽  
Tobias Messer ◽  
Kevin Jahnke ◽  
Marc Hippler ◽  
Martin Bastmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Printing ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Synthetic Cells

scholarly journals Tethered and Untethered 3D Microactuators Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization: A Review

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Zhaoxin Lao ◽  
Neng Xia ◽  
Shijie Wang ◽  
Tiantian Xu ◽  
Xinyu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Laser Printing ◽  
Noninvasive Surgery ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
External Stimuli

Microactuators, which can transform external stimuli into mechanical motion at microscale, have attracted extensive attention because they can be used to construct microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and/or microrobots, resulting in extensive applications in a large number of fields such as noninvasive surgery, targeted delivery, and biomedical machines. In contrast to classical 2D MEMS devices, 3D microactuators provide a new platform for the research of stimuli-responsive functional devices. However, traditional planar processing techniques based on photolithography are inadequate in the construction of 3D microstructures. To solve this issue, researchers have proposed many strategies, among which 3D laser printing is becoming a prospective technique to create smart devices at the microscale because of its versatility, adjustability, and flexibility. Here, we review the recent progress in stimulus-responsive 3D microactuators fabricated with 3D laser printing depending on different stimuli. Then, an outlook of the design, fabrication, control, and applications of 3D laser-printed microactuators is propounded with the goal of providing a reference for related research.

Two-photon excitation microscopy in cellular biophysics

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
David W. Piston ◽  
Brian D. Bennett ◽  
Robert G. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Excited Electronic State ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Simultaneous Absorption ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Two Photon Excitation

Two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) provides attractive advantages over confocal microscopy for three-dimensionally resolved fluorescence imaging and photochemistry. Two-photon excitation arises from the simultaneous absorption of two photons in a single quantitized event whose probability is proportional to the square of the instantaneous intensity. For example, two red photons can cause the transition to an excited electronic state normally reached by absorption in the ultraviolet. In practice, two-photon excitation is made possible by the very high local instantaneous intensity provided by a combination of diffraction-limited focusing of a single laser beam in the microscope and the temporal concentration of 100 femtosecond pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. Resultant peak excitation intensities are 106 times greater than the CW intensities used in confocal microscopy, but the pulse duty cycle of 10-5 maintains the average input power on the order of 10 mW, only slightly greater than the power normally used in confocal microscopy.

Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy in living systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 154-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Piston
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Singlet State ◽  
Excited Electronic State ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Simultaneous Absorption ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Two Photon Excitation

Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy provides attractive advantages over confocal microscopy for three-dimensionally resolved fluorescence imaging. Two-photon excitation arises from the simultaneous absorption of two photons in a single quantitized event whose probability is proportional to the square of the instantaneous intensity. For example, two red photons can cause the transition to an excited electronic state normally reached by absorption in the ultraviolet. In our fluorescence experiments, the final excited state is the same singlet state that is populated during a conventional fluorescence experiment. Thus, the fluorophore exhibits the same emission properties (e.g. wavelength shifts, environmental sensitivity) used in typical biological microscopy studies. In practice, two-photon excitation is made possible by the very high local instantaneous intensity provided by a combination of diffraction-limited focusing of a single laser beam in the microscope and the temporal concentration of 100 femtosecond pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. Resultant peak excitation intensities are 106 times greater than the CW intensities used in confocal microscopy, but the pulse duty cycle of 10−5 maintains the average input power on the order of 10 mW, only slightly greater than the power normally used in confocal microscopy.

Second order interference in two photon absorption

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1765-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. HAMILTON and D. S. ELLIOTT
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon

Remarks on E1-E2 and E1-M1 two-photon transitions

1983 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grynberg
Keyword(s):  
Two Photon

Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy of neon. III. Isotopic shift and fine structure for the 2p5 4d and 2p5 5s configurations

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1139-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Giacobino ◽  
F. Biraben ◽  
E. de Clercq ◽  
K. Wohrer-Beroff ◽  
G. Grynberg
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Isotopic Shift ◽  
Two Photon
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