Smart Chemical Engineering‐based Lightweight and Miniaturized Attachable Systems for Advanced Drug Delivery and Diagnostics

2021 ◽  
pp. 2106701
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Xiaoyuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Chemical Engineering

scholarly journals Integrating Drug Delivery Throughout The Chemical Engineering Curriculum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Savelski ◽  
Stephanie Farrell ◽  
Robert Hesketh ◽  
C. Stewart Slater
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Engineering Curriculum

scholarly journals Dextran Aldehyde in Biocatalysis: More Than a Mere Immobilization System

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tacias-Pascacio ◽  
Ortiz ◽  
Rueda ◽  
Berenguer-Murcia ◽  
Acosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Oxidative Cleavage ◽  
Catalytic Reactions ◽  
Spacer Arm ◽  
Enzyme Molecules

Dextran aldehyde (dexOx), resulting from the periodate oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diol moiety inside dextran, is a polymer that is very useful in many areas, including as a macromolecular carrier for drug delivery and other biomedical applications. In particular, it has been widely used for chemical engineering of enzymes, with the aim of designing better biocatalysts that possess improved catalytic properties, making them more stable and/or active for different catalytic reactions. This polymer possesses a very flexible hydrophilic structure, which becomes inert after chemical reduction; therefore, dexOx comes to be highly versatile in a biocatalyst design. This paper presents an overview of the multiple applications of dexOx in applied biocatalysis, e.g., to modulate the adsorption of biomolecules on carrier surfaces in affinity chromatography and biosensors design, to serve as a spacer arm between a ligand and the support in biomacromolecule immobilization procedures or to generate artificial microenvironments around the enzyme molecules or to stabilize multimeric enzymes by intersubunit crosslinking, among many other applications.

scholarly journals SCIDOT-28. TARGETED NANOPARTICLES FOR IMPROVED DRUG DELIVERY TO MEDULLOBLASTOMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi277-vi277
Author(s):  
Joelle P Straehla ◽  
Natalie Boehnke ◽  
Tamara G Dacoba ◽  
Paula T Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Layer By Layer

Abstract Platinum-based agents remain a key component of therapy for children with medulloblastoma, despite significant systemic side effects and only modest blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Cisplatin has a cerebrospinal fluid-to-plasma ratio <5% and dose-limiting side effects of nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and myelosuppression. Improving delivery of cisplatin across the BBB and selectively accumulating in tumors could improve its therapeutic index. To this end, we are leveraging chemical engineering techniques to rationally design cisplatin nanoparticles (NPs) to cross the BBB and preferentially enter medulloblastoma tumor cells. Using the layer-by-layer (LbL) platform to ‘wrap’ polyelectrolytes around a NP core by iterative electrostatic adsorption, we screened six negatively charged polypeptide and polysaccharide outer layers in medulloblastoma cell lines. Poly-L-aspartic acid (PLD) layered NPs had significant accumulation in tumor cells after 24 hours incubation, with an uptake index of 18±4 over unlayered control NPs. Next, we generated propargyl-functionalized PLD and used click chemistry to covalently conjugate the BBB shuttle ligands glutathione, angiopep-2, and transferrin, which have been shown to mediate transcytosis across brain endothelial cells. PLD layered NPs functionalized with angiopep-2 and transferrin had enhanced uptake in medulloblastoma tumor cells and NPs functionalized with glutathione were non-inferior to PLD layered NPs. After incubation with endothelial cells in vitro, all three BBB shuttle ligands enhanced uptake of PLD layered NPs over unlayered and non-functionalized control NPs. We then incorporated cisplatin into the nanoparticle core of this platform. Cisplatin-loaded NPs with PLD layering and ligand functionalization were more effective than free cisplatin as measured by IC50 over 72 hours in culture, and led to faster apoptosis as assessed by flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide staining. In summary, functionalized nanoparticles are a promising platform to modulate drug delivery to medulloblastoma. In vivo studies using an orthotopic xenograft model are underway to investigate biodistribution, efficacy, and toxicity.

scholarly journals Biomedical Applications of Metal−Organic Frameworks for Disease Diagnosis and Drug Delivery: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Miral Al Sharabati ◽  
Rana Sabouni ◽  
Ghaleb A. Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal Organic

Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel class of porous hybrid organic−inorganic materials that have attracted increasing attention over the past decade. MOFs can be used in chemical engineering, materials science, and chemistry applications. Recently, these structures have been thoroughly studied as promising platforms for biomedical applications. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, they are regarded as promising candidates for disease diagnosis and drug delivery. Their well-defined structure, high porosity, tunable frameworks, wide range of pore shapes, ultrahigh surface area, relatively low toxicity, and easy chemical functionalization have made them the focus of extensive research. This review highlights the up-to-date progress of MOFs as potential platforms for disease diagnosis and drug delivery for a wide range of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders, and ocular diseases. A brief description of the synthesis methods of MOFs is first presented. Various examples of MOF-based sensors and DDSs are introduced for the different diseases. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are discussed to provide context for the future development of MOFs as efficient platforms for disease diagnosis and drug delivery systems.

Techniques For The Preparation of Tissue Samples Containing Injectable Polymer Microcapsules

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
G.E. Visscher ◽  
R. L. Robison ◽  
G. J. Argentieri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Injectable Polymer ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The use of various bioerodable polymers as drug delivery systems has gained considerable interest in recent years. Among some of the shapes used as delivery systems are films, rods and microcapsules. The work presented here will deal with the techniques we have utilized for the analysis of the tissue reaction to and actual biodegradation of injectable microcapsules. This work has utilized light microscopic (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopic techniques. The design of our studies has utilized methodology that would; 1. best characterize the actual degradation process without artifacts introduced by fixation procedures and 2. allow for reproducible results.In our studies, the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was chosen as the injection site. Prior to the injection of microcapsules the skin above the sites was shaved and tattooed for later recognition and recovery. 1.0 cc syringes were loaded with the desired quantity of microcapsules and the vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropylmethycellulose) drawn up. The syringes were agitated to suspend the microcapsules in the injection vehicle.

Nanotheranostic agents for neurodegenerative diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-675
Author(s):  
Parasuraman Padmanabhan ◽  
Mathangi Palanivel ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Domokos Máthé ◽  
George K. Radda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Preclinical Animal Models

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), affect the ageing population worldwide and while severely impairing the quality of life of millions, they also cause a massive economic burden to countries with progressively ageing populations. Parallel with the search for biomarkers for early detection and prediction, the pursuit for therapeutic approaches has become growingly intensive in recent years. Various prospective therapeutic approaches have been explored with an emphasis on early prevention and protection, including, but not limited to, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Many pharmacological interventions have proved to be promising novel avenues, but successful applications are often hampered by the poor delivery of the therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered as a promising option, as NP-based drug delivery systems can be functionalized to target specific cell surface receptors and to achieve controlled and long-term release of therapeutics to the target tissue. The usefulness of NPs for loading and delivering of drugs has been extensively studied in the context of NDDs, and their biological efficacy has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical animal models. Efforts have also been made towards the development of NPs which can be used for targeting the BBB and various cell types in the brain. The main focus of this review is to briefly discuss the advantages of functionalized NPs as promising theranostic agents for the diagnosis and therapy of NDDs. We also summarize the results of diverse studies that specifically investigated the usage of different NPs for the treatment of NDDs, with a specific emphasis on AD and PD, and the associated pathophysiological changes. Finally, we offer perspectives on the existing challenges of using NPs as theranostic agents and possible futuristic approaches to improve them.

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