The Atomic Circus: Small Electron Beams Spotlight Advanced Materials Down to the Atomic Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (47) ◽  
pp. 1802402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Wu ◽  
Xiaoxu Zhao ◽  
Cao Guan ◽  
Li-Dong Zhao ◽  
Jiagang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beams ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Advanced Materials

scholarly journals Theory of Atomic-Scale Vibrational Mapping and Isotope Identification with Electron Beams

ACS Nano ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Konečná ◽  
Fadil Iyikanat ◽  
F. Javier García de Abajo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beams ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Isotope Identification

Importance of Nanosensors: Feynman's Vision and the Birth of Nanotechnology

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 718-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef T. Devreese
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
New Class ◽  
Intelligent Sensors ◽  
Integrated Devices ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Better Than

In his visionary 1959 lecture at Caltech, Richard P. Feynman foresaw the potential of the ability to manipulate matter at the atomic scale. In this article, adapted from Integrated Nanosensors, MRS Symposium Proceedings Volume 952E, edited by I.K. Schuller, Y. Bruynseraede, L.M. Lechuga, and E. Johnson (2007), Jozef T. Devreese (University of Antwerp) discusses implementations of Feynman's vision in the field of nanosensors and perspectives of its further development and applications.Nanoparticles are unique tools as sensors. Particles with sizes at the nanoscale reveal physical properties that do not exist in bulk materials; these properties can operate well inside living cells. Nanosensors possess unique physical characteristics. Their sensitivity can be orders of magnitude better than that of conventional devices. Nanosensors possess such performance advantages as fast response and portability. State-of-the-art nanosensors are based on various advanced materials (quantum dots, nanoshells, nanopores, carbon nanotubes, etc.). Nanosensors furthermore allow for building an entirely new class of integrated devices that provide the elemental base for “intelligent sensors” capable of data processing, storage, and analysis. Advances can open unprecedented perspectives for the application of nanosensors in various fields, for example, as molecular-level diagnostic and treatment instruments in medicine and as networks of nanorobots for real-time monitoring of physiological parameters of a human body.

scholarly journals Local atomic structure determination using focused electron beams

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C26-C26
Author(s):  
Joanne Etheridge
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Local Atomic Structure ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

This talk will give an overview of methods for solving the atomic structure of nanostructured materials using focused electron beams. It will illustrate these methods with a range of applications, such as the determination of the atomic structure and stability of nanoparticle facets [1]; the local atomic structure of "chessboard' nanostructures in lithium-based titanate perovskites; and the measurement of local polarity, dopant concentration and atomic-scale morphology in semiconducting nanowire quantum wells. These methods take advantage of the fact that electron wavefields can be brought to a focal point smaller than an Ångström in diameter, enabling small volumes of matter to be probed and characterized. The wealth of information contained in the resulting diffraction patterns can be interrogated selectively to isolate and `image' specific structural information. Several methods using small focused electron beams will be described in this talk, including; (i) An approach for the determination of centrosymmetric structures from the direct observation of structure factor phases by inspection of features in convergent beam electron diffraction patterns [2]. The method can achieve high resolution from just a few phase observations and no intensity measurements or iterative refinements are required; (ii) Methods for the quantitative interpretation of the intensity in atomic resolution imaging and diffraction data for the measurement of local atomic and electronic structure; (iii) Pseudo-confocal scanning transmission electron microscopy methods for obtaining depth and chemical information which record the scattered intensity in a plane conjugate to the specimen (as opposed to the diffraction plane) [3].

scholarly journals Scaling-up Nanoparticle Beam Deposition for Green Synthesis of Advanced Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Keyword(s):  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Matrix Assembly ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
The Status

The deposition of size-controlled nanoparticles (atomic clusters) onto supports from the beam is a solvent-free, green route to small-scale manufacturing of functional nanomaterials. To translate the beautiful physics and chemistry of clusters into practical applications, e.g., coatings, catalysts, biochips, biomaterials, and photonic materials, significant scale-up of the rate of deposition is needed [1,2], while reducing the loss of material in the process (to say 1-10%). For example, the deposition rate needed for industrial catalyst R&D is 10mg/hour of clusters, while for bespoke pharmaceutical manufacturing, 1-10g/hour is required. In this talk, I will discuss both the fundamental aspects of deposited clusters at the atomic-scale – as revealed by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy [3,4] – and the status of efforts to meet the scale-up challenge, with emphasis on our “Matrix Assembly Cluster Source” (MACS) [5]. Some first practical demonstrations [6-10] of deposited clusters in heterogeneous and electrocatalysis will be presented, showing attractive activities and selectivities [1, 6-10], as an illustration of what might be done in fields as diverse as surface engineering, theranostics, photonics, and neuromorphic.

scholarly journals In Situ Atomic-Scale Observation of Silver Oxidation Triggered by Electron Beam Irradiation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Yatong Zhu ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Metal Oxidation ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fundamental Understanding

Understanding the mechanism of metal oxidation processes is critical for maintaining the desired properties of metals and catalysts, as well as for designing advanced materials. In this work, we investigate the electron beam induced oxidation of silver using in situ transmission electron microscopy. The additions of Ag-O columns on {111} and {110} planes were captured with atomic resolution. Interestingly, oscillatory growth on {110} planes was observed, which resulted from the double effect of electron beam irradiation. It was found that not only thermodynamic factors but also kinetic factors played significant roles in morphology evolutions. These results can facilitate the fundamental understanding of the oxidation process of Ag and provide a promising approach for the fabrication of desired nanostructures.

New approaches to characterizing advanced materials

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope

Motivations for using the electron microscope are obviously many and varied. For example, engineers in the semiconductor industry might be primarily interested in establishing reasons for device failure. Chemists in the petrochemical industry could be concerned with analyzing the composition and structure of novel catalytic materials. Many researchers seek to characterize microstructure and establish definitive connections with preparation conditions and/or some pertinent macroscopic behavior. Instrumentation for the high-resolution electron microscope (HREM) has continued to evolve to the extent that imaging on the atomic scale and microanalysis on the sub-nanometer scale are oftentimes available from the same microscope. Such instruments are thus highly attractive to all those people interested in characterizing advanced materials. Our purpose here is to provide a brief overview of some recent developments in instrumentation and techniques and to highlight their relevance for materials science applications.

scholarly journals The hidden structure dependence of the chemical life of dislocations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. eabf0563
Author(s):  
X. Zhou ◽  
J. R. Mianroodi ◽  
A. Kwiatkowski da Silva ◽  
T. Koenig ◽  
G. B. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Model Alloy ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Material Chemistry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Scale Characterization

Dislocations are one-dimensional defects in crystals, enabling their deformation, mechanical response, and transport properties. Less well known is their influence on material chemistry. The severe lattice distortion at these defects drives solute segregation to them, resulting in strong, localized spatial variations in chemistry that determine microstructure and material behavior. Recent advances in atomic-scale characterization methods have made it possible to quantitatively resolve defect types and segregation chemistry. As shown here for a Pt-Au model alloy, we observe a wide range of defect-specific solute (Au) decoration patterns of much greater variety and complexity than expected from the Cottrell cloud picture. The solute decoration of the dislocations can be up to half an order of magnitude higher than expected from classical theory, and the differences are determined by their structure, mutual alignment, and distortion field. This opens up pathways to use dislocations for the compositional and structural nanoscale design of advanced materials.

scholarly journals Reinforcing materials modelling by encoding the structures of defects in crystalline solids into distortion scores

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Goryaeva ◽  
Clovis Lapointe ◽  
Chendi Dai ◽  
Julien Dérès ◽  
Jean-Bernard Maillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Crystalline Solids ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Information Selection ◽  
Materials Modelling ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This work revises the concept of defects in crystalline solids and proposes a universal strategy for their characterization at the atomic scale using outlier detection based on statistical distances. The proposed strategy provides a generic measure that describes the distortion score of local atomic environments. This score facilitates automatic defect localization and enables a stratified description of defects, which allows to distinguish the zones with different levels of distortion within the structure. This work proposes applications for advanced materials modelling ranging from the surrogate concept for the energy per atom to the relevant information selection for evaluation of energy barriers from the mean force. Moreover, this concept can serve for design of robust interatomic machine learning potentials and high-throughput analysis of their databases. The proposed definition of defects opens up many perspectives for materials design and characterization, promoting thereby the development of novel techniques in materials science.

Materials for Electron Beam Information Storage

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 152-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Speliotis
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The interaction of electron beams with a large variety of materials for information storage has been the subject of numerous proposals and studies in the recent literature. The materials range from photographic to thermoplastic and magnetic, and the interactions with the electron beam for writing and reading the information utilize the energy, or the current, or even the magnetic field associated with the electron beam.

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