scholarly journals High-Speed 3D Printing of Millimeter-Size Customized Aspheric Imaging Lenses with Sub 7 nm Surface Roughness

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (18) ◽  
pp. 1705683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangfan Chen ◽  
Wenzhong Liu ◽  
Biqin Dong ◽  
Jongwoo Lee ◽  
Henry Oliver T. Ware ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
High Speed

scholarly journals 3D Printing: High-Speed 3D Printing of Millimeter-Size Customized Aspheric Imaging Lenses with Sub 7 nm Surface Roughness (Adv. Mater. 18/2018)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (18) ◽  
pp. 1870123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangfan Chen ◽  
Wenzhong Liu ◽  
Biqin Dong ◽  
Jongwoo Lee ◽  
Henry Oliver T. Ware ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
High Speed

scholarly journals Replication of Pressure Swirl Atomizer by 3D Printing and Influence of Surface Roughness on the Atomization Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Ondřej Cejpek ◽  
Milan Malý ◽  
Miloslav Bělka ◽  
Jan Jedelský
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Swirl Chamber ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Accuracy ◽  
Swirl Atomizer ◽  
Pressure Swirl ◽  
Pressure Swirl Atomizer

The replication of atomizers by 3D printing technology is a new approach of producing the pressure swirl atomizers. The surface roughness of 3D printed products and manufacturing accuracy of the 3D printing process influence the atomization of the liquid. The high-speed visualization of a spray, produced by scaled 3D printed atomizer, was performed. The spray stability, cone angle and breakup length were determined. Scaled 3D printed atomizers were tested at equivalent pressures of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 bar. Non-dimensionless parameter, Reynolds number, was preserved for the scaled atomizer. The effect of the surface roughness of the tangential ports, swirl chamber and discharge orifice on atomization was assessed at non-scaled pressure swirl atomizer. The roughness of a swirl chamber was created by corundum and ballotin blasting. The inlet pressures of 2.5, 5 and 10 bar were tested.

Enhancement of EDM Performance by Using Copper-Silver Composite Electrode

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1352-1358
Author(s):  
Saad K. Shather ◽  
Abbas A. Ibrahim ◽  
Zainab H. Mohsein ◽  
Omar H. Hassoon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time

Discharge Machining is a non-traditional machining technique and usually applied for hard metals and complex shapes that difficult to machining in the traditional cutting process. This process depends on different parameters that can affect the material removal rate and surface roughness. The electrode material is one of the important parameters in Electro –Discharge Machining (EDM). In this paper, the experimental work carried out by using a composite material electrode and the workpiece material from a high-speed steel plate. The cutting conditions: current (10 Amps, 12 Amps, 14 Amps), pulse on time (100 µs, 150 µs, 200 µs), pulse off time 25 µs, casting technique has been carried out to prepare the composite electrodes copper-sliver. The experimental results showed that Copper-Sliver (weight ratio70:30) gives better results than commonly electrode copper, Material Removal Rate (MRR) Copper-Sliver composite electrode reach to 0.225 gm/min higher than the pure Copper electrode. The lower value of the tool wear rate achieved with the composite electrode is 0.0001 gm/min. The surface roughness of the workpiece improved with a composite electrode compared with the pure electrode.

scholarly journals High-Speed 3D Printing of High-Performance Thermosetting Polymers via Two-Stage Curing

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Kuang ◽  
Zeang Zhao ◽  
Kaijuan Chen ◽  
Daining Fang ◽  
Guozheng Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers

scholarly journals Mechanical Characterization and Thermodynamic Analysis of Laser-Polished Landscape Design Products Using 3D Printing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2601
Author(s):  
Yue Ba ◽  
Yu Wen ◽  
Shibin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Laser Polishing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Stability And Accuracy

Recent innovations in 3D printing technologies and processes have influenced how landscape products are designed, built, and developed. In landscape architecture, reduced-size models are 3D-printed to replicate full-size structures. However, high surface roughness usually occurs on the surfaces of such 3D-printed components, which requires additional post-treatment. In this work, we develop a new type of landscape design structure based on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique and present a laser polishing method for FDM-fabricated polylactic acid (PLA) mechanical components, whereby the surface roughness of the laser-polished surfaces is reduced from over Ra 15 µm to less than 0.25 µm. The detailed results of thermodynamics and microstructure evolution are further analyzed during laser polishing. The stability and accuracy of the results are evaluated based on the standard deviation. Additionally, the superior tensile and flexural properties are examined in the laser-polished layer, in which the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is increased by up to 46.6% and the flexural strength is increased by up to 74.5% compared with the as-fabricated components. Finally, a real polished landscape model is simulated and optimized using a series of scales.

Characteristic properties of AlTiN and TiN coated HSS materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mumin Sahin ◽  
Cenk Misirli ◽  
Dervis Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Future Work

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine mechanical and metallurgical properties of AlTiN- and TiN-coates high-speed steel (HSS) materials in detail. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, HSS steel parts have been processed through machining and have been coated with AlTiN and TiN on physical vapour deposition workbench at approximately 6,500°C for 4 hours. Tensile strength, fatigue strength, hardness tests for AlTiN- and TiN-coated HSS samples have been performed; moreover, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis and microstructure analysis have been made by scanning electron microscopy. The obtained results have been compared with uncoated HSS components. Findings – It was found that tensile strength of TiAlN- and TiN-coated HSS parts is higher than that of uncoated HSS parts. Highest tensile strength has been obtained from TiN-coated HSS parts. Number of cycles for failure of TiAlN- and TiN-coated HSS parts is higher than that for HSS parts. Particularly TiN-coated HSS parts have the most valuable fatigue results. However, surface roughness of fatigue samples may cause notch effect. For this reason, surface roughness of coated HSS parts is compared with that of uncoated ones. While the average surface roughness (Ra) of the uncoated samples was in the range of 0.40 μm, that of the AlTiN- and TiN-coated samples was in the range of 0.60 and 0.80 μm, respectively. Research limitations/implications – It would be interesting to search different coatings for cutting tools. It could be the good idea for future work to concentrate on wear properties of tool materials. Practical implications – The detailed mechanical and metallurgical results can be used to assess the AlTiN and TiN coating applications in HSS materials. Originality/value – This paper provides information on mechanical and metallurgical behaviour of AlTiN- and TiN-coated HSS materials and offers practical help for researchers and scientists working in the coating area.

scholarly journals Aerodynamic Losses in Turbines with and without Film Cooling, as Influenced by Mainstream Turbulence, Surface Roughness, Airfoil Shape, and Mach Number

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Ligrani
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Aerodynamic Loss ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Loss Coefficients ◽  
Exit Mach Number

The influences of a variety of different physical phenomena are described as they affect the aerodynamic performance of turbine airfoils in compressible, high-speed flows with either subsonic or transonic Mach number distributions. The presented experimental and numerically predicted results are from a series of investigations which have taken place over the past 32 years. Considered are (i) symmetric airfoils with no film cooling, (ii) symmetric airfoils with film cooling, (iii) cambered vanes with no film cooling, and (iv) cambered vanes with film cooling. When no film cooling is employed on the symmetric airfoils and cambered vanes, experimentally measured and numerically predicted variations of freestream turbulence intensity, surface roughness, exit Mach number, and airfoil camber are considered as they influence local and integrated total pressure losses, deficits of local kinetic energy, Mach number deficits, area-averaged loss coefficients, mass-averaged total pressure loss coefficients, omega loss coefficients, second law loss parameters, and distributions of integrated aerodynamic loss. Similar quantities are measured, and similar parameters are considered when film-cooling is employed on airfoil suction surfaces, along with film cooling density ratio, blowing ratio, Mach number ratio, hole orientation, hole shape, and number of rows of holes.

A Comprehensive Study on Surface Roughness in Machining of AISI D2 Hardened Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A.H. Jasni ◽  
Mohd Amri Lajis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
High Speed ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Radial Depth ◽  
Aisi D2 ◽  
Coated Carbide

Hard milling of hardened steel has wide application in mould and die industries. However, milling induced surface finish has received little attention. An experimental investigation is conducted to comprehensively characterize the surface roughness of AISI D2 hardened steel (58-62 HRC) in end milling operation using TiAlN/AlCrN multilayer coated carbide. Surface roughness (Ra) was examined at different cutting speed (v) and radial depth of cut (dr) while the measurement was taken in feed speed, Vf and cutting speed, Vc directions. The experimental results show that the milled surface is anisotropic in nature. Surface roughness values in feed speed direction do not appear to correspond to any definite pattern in relation to cutting speed, while it increases with radial depth-of-cut within the range 0.13-0.24 µm. In cutting speed direction, surface roughness value decreases in the high speed range, while it increases in the high radial depth of cut. Radial depth of cut is the most influencing parameter in surface roughness followed by cutting speed.

Theoretical Surface Roughness Model in High Speed Face Milling

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 3331-3334
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Guo He Li ◽  
L. Han
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Face Milling ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Roughness Model ◽  
Machined Parts ◽  
Important Object

High speed milling is a newly developed advanced manufacturing technology. Surface integrity is an important object of machined parts. Surface roughness is mostly used to evaluate to the surface integrity. A theoretical surface roughness model for high face milling was established. The influence of cutting parameters on the surface roughness is analyzed. The surface roughness decreases when the cutter radius increases, total number of tooth and rotation angular speed, while it increases with the feeding velocity. The high speed face milling can get a smooth surface and it can replace the grinding with higher efficiency.

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