scholarly journals Biomimetic Scaffolds Modulate the Posttraumatic Inflammatory Response in Articular Cartilage Contributing to Enhanced Neoformation of Cartilaginous Tissue In Vivo (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 1/2022)

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2270002
Author(s):  
Guillermo Bauza‐Mayol ◽  
Marcos Quintela ◽  
Ava Brozovich ◽  
Michael Hopson ◽  
Shazad Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissue ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds

In vivo multimodal imaging of hyaluronan-mediated inflammatory response in articular cartilage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo Ruiz ◽  
Alejandra Duarte ◽  
Dalibel Bravo ◽  
Elisa Ramos ◽  
Chongda Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Multimodal Imaging

Continuous Passive Motion and Loading System Design for the Study of Pro- and Anti-Inflamatory Mediators in Articular Cartilage

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Gu ◽  
Daniel Leong ◽  
Rashal Mahammud ◽  
Yong Hui Li ◽  
Hui Bin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Continuous Passive Motion ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Passive Motion

Joint diseases are common causes of disability worldwide. Physical activity and weight bearing conditions play an important role in the regulation of joint homeostasis throughout life. The parametric characterization of deleterious and beneficial joint loading regimens influencing the homeostasis of articular cartilage is of great interest from both a basic research and clinical practice point of view. The development of in vivo animal models is critical to investigate the underlying mechanisms mediating the biological response of articular joints to external mechanical stimuli. For this purpose, the design of a device capable of accurately control the joint motion and loading in a small animal is needed. In the present work, an assisted motion system was conceived to perform continuous passive motion (CPM) and continuous loaded motion (CLM) on the knee joint of a small animal in vivo. A major purpose of this system is the study of the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response of cartilage under several biomechanical environments. Therefore, a key design criterion was to avoid any invasive intervention (i.e. intraskeletal fixators) that may produce an intrinsic inflammatory response and then obscure/mislead the assessment of the biological markers of interest. Other important design criteria include real time control of the knee joint position, angular displacement, cyclic motion frequency and custom load magnitude applied in the axial direction along the tibia.

scholarly journals 4260 Hollow, Degradable poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Derived Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Anti-Inflammatory Peptides for the Treatment and Prevention of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 109-109
Author(s):  
Marcus A Deloney ◽  
Kyra Smart ◽  
Blaine Christiansen ◽  
Alyssa Panitch
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Sodium Dodecylsulfate ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
The Core ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Cyclic Degradation

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Knocking down the inflammatory response following joint trauma may halt the cytokine cascade and prevent the resulting cyclic degradation of articular cartilage. MK2 inhibiting (MK2i) peptides are an emerging and promising class of pharmaceutical to treat post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA); however, these peptides are susceptible to proteolytic degradation in the extracellular space. Our objective is to encapsulate MK2i in thermoresponsive hollow nanoparticles (hNPs) to knockdown the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 to prevent the cyclic degradation of articular cartilage. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: NP Synthesis: N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAm) cores was initiated by potassium persulfate (KPS) in aqueous solution with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) at 70°C under a nitrogen for 2 hours. Then exposed to oxygen for 45 min, followed by a nitrogen purge. NIPAm, 2-acrylamindo-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), N,N’-bis(acryoyl)cystamine (BAC), and Acrylic Acid (AAc), in fluorescent batches rhodamine b isothiocyanate (RBITC), were polymerized around the core to form the shell. NPs were purified using tangential flow filtration. The NPs were dialyzed at 4°C for 14 days to remove the core and form hNPs. Loading & Release: hNPs and MK2i were incubated at 1 mg/ml at 4°C for 24 h. MK2i released into 1x PBS and analyzed on HPLC. IL-6 Expression: Bovine chondrocytes seeded at 10,000 cell/cm2 were stimulated with 20 ng/ml IL-1b daily and treated once with 100 µg/ml MK2i loaded-NP or 100 µg/ml free MK2i treatment on day 2. Analyzed on bovine IL-6 ELISA. In Vivo Intra Articular Injections: 75 µl of 2 mg/ml hNPsRHB or a PBS control was injected into the right knee of 4-month old Fischer 344 (Envigo) rats. Rats were imaged daily for 7 days then euthanized, legs dissected, and imaged. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Core removal facilitated increased MK2i release from hNPs, Fig 1A, allowing up to 63% after 5 days in PBS. The hNPs generated here offer a continual sustained release of MK2i and hNPs are non-cytotoxic (data not shown) up to 12 mg/ml. MK2i loaded-NPs significantly knocked down IL-6 production after a single treatment after 2 days, Figure 1B, and continued knockdown for up to 4 days. hNPsRBITC was successfully injected into rat joint space and was retained for at least 7-days compared to pre-injection and PBS control, Fig 1 B-C. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: hNPs protect MK2i from ECM degradation and offer continual sustained release into chondrocytes. Core removal allows for MK2i release in vitro with further sustained release compared to previous non-degradable model. The single MK2i treatment lead to a significant IL-6 knockdown bovine chondrocytes for up to 4 days in hNPs. We were able to successfully inject and retain fluorescently labeled hNPs within rat knees for 7 days. Our translational therapeutic shows the promise of delivering a degradable, non-cytotoxic hNP into the joint space to knockdown the inflammatory response to halt the cyclic progression of articular cartilage degradation and progression of PTOA. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): Moerae Matrix, Inc. has a worldwide exclusive license to the CPP (MK2 inhibitor peptide). A. Panitch owns greater than 5% of Moerae Matrix, Inc.

Inhibitory effects of epimedium herb water extract on the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
YC Oh ◽  
YH Jeong ◽  
WK Cho ◽  
SJ Lee ◽  
JY Ma
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CORTISONE ON EXPERIMENTAL VIRAL INFECTION

1966 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Marilyn Smart ◽  
Edwin D. Kilbourne
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Present System ◽  
Interferon Production ◽  
Hydrocortisone Administration ◽  
Experimental Viral Infection

A comparative study was undertaken of the pathogenesis of infection of the allantoic sac of the chick embryo with three influenza viruses of differing virulence, and of the influence of hydrocortisone on the course of infection. Judged on the basis of earlier onset and greater degree of inflammatory response and diminished survival time of infected embryos, Mel. and Lee viruses were markedly more virulent than PR8, despite the earlier appearance of virus in PR8-infected embryos. Interferon appeared first and in greater quantity in the allantoic fluid of Lee-infected embryos and latest with PR8 infection. Thus, there was no correlation of avirulence and better interferon production with the viruses under study in the present system. Furthermore, evidence obtained suggested that Lee virus ("virulent") was most susceptible to interferon action, and also that viral synthesis in the chorioallantoic membrane with PR8 ("avirulent") persisted after the appearance of interferon. The injection of hydrocortisone within 2 hr of the initiation of infection delayed the synthesis of all three viruses; had no significant effect upon the inflammatory response; and transiently inhibited the synthesis of interferon, while prolonging the survival of Lee- and Mel.-infected embryos. Late administration of hydrocortisone suppresses both the inflammatory response and the production of interferon. Only in the case of Lee virus infection did hydrocortisone administration lead to augmentation of final yields of virus with the low infection multiplicity employed in the present experiments. It is postulated that Lee virus is a better inducer of interferon because its infectivity in vivo is more rapidly inactivated. As a consequence synthesis of Lee virus is more under the control of endogenous interferon than is the case with PR8 or Mel. virus. Therefore, inhibition of interferon synthesis with hydrocortisone has a greater influence on final yields of Lee virus.

Effects of in vitro low oxygen tension preconditioning of buccal fat pad stem cells on in Vivo articular cartilage tissue repair

Life Sciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 119728
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Dehghani Nazhvani ◽  
Leila Mohammadi Amirabad ◽  
Arezo Azari ◽  
Hamid Namazi ◽  
Simzar Hosseinzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Buccal Fat Pad ◽  
Low Oxygen Tension

scholarly journals Adipocyte death triggers a pro-inflammatory response and induces metabolic activation of resident macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Lindhorst ◽  
Nora Raulien ◽  
Peter Wieghofer ◽  
Jens Eilers ◽  
Fabio M. V. Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Threshold Size ◽  
Laser Injury ◽  
Reporter Mice

AbstractA chronic low-grade inflammation within adipose tissue (AT) seems to be the link between obesity and some of its associated diseases. One hallmark of this AT inflammation is the accumulation of AT macrophages (ATMs) around dead or dying adipocytes, forming so-called crown-like structures (CLS). To investigate the dynamics of CLS and their direct impact on the activation state of ATMs, we established a laser injury model to deplete individual adipocytes in living AT from double reporter mice (GFP-labeled ATMs and tdTomato-labeled adipocytes). Hence, we were able to detect early ATM-adipocyte interactions by live imaging and to determine a precise timeline for CLS formation after adipocyte death. Further, our data indicate metabolic activation and increased lipid metabolism in ATMs upon forming CLS. Most importantly, adipocyte death, even in lean animals under homeostatic conditions, leads to a locally confined inflammation, which is in sharp contrast to other tissues. We identified cell size as cause for the described pro-inflammatory response, as the size of adipocytes is above a critical threshold size for efferocytosis, a process for anti-inflammatory removal of dead cells during tissue homeostasis. Finally, experiments on parabiotic mice verified that adipocyte death leads to a pro-inflammatory response of resident ATMs in vivo, without significant recruitment of blood monocytes. Our data indicate that adipocyte death triggers a unique degradation process and locally induces a metabolically activated ATM phenotype that is globally observed with obesity.

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