scholarly journals Tumor Microenvironment Targeting Nano–Bio Emulsion for Synergistic Combinational X‐Ray PDT with Oncolytic Bacteria Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 1901812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wooram Park ◽  
Soojeong Cho ◽  
Dongkyu Kang ◽  
Jun‐Hyeok Han ◽  
Jung‐Hoon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
X Ray

How do bismuth-based nanomaterials function as promising theranostic agents for the tumor diagnosis and therapy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengkui Ding ◽  
Jinyao Liu ◽  
Junlei Yang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xianjin Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synergistic Enhancement ◽  
Tumour Location ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Multi Mode

: The complexity of tumor microenvironment and the diversity of tumors seriously affect the therapeutic effect, the focus, therefore, has gradually been shifted from monotherapy to combination therapy in clinical research in order to improve the curative effect. The synergistic enhancement interactions among multiple monotherapies majorly contribute to the birth of the multi-mode cooperative therapy, whose effect of the treatment is clearly stronger than that of any single therapy. In addition, the accurate diagnosis of the tumour location is also crucial to the treatment. Bismuth-based nanomaterials (NMs) hold great properties as promising theranostic platforms based on their many unique features that include low toxicity, excellent photothermal conversion efficiency as well as high ability of X-ray computed tomography imaging and photoacoustic imaging. In this review, we will introduce briefly the main features of tumor microenvironment first and its effect on the mechanism of nanomedicine actions and present the recent advances of bismuth-based NMs for diagnosis and photothermal therapy-based combined therapies using bismuth-based NMs are presented, which may provide a new way for overcoming drug resistance and hypoxia. At the end, further challenges and outlooks regarding this promising field are discussed accompanied with some design tips for bismuth-based NMs, hoping to provide researchers some inspirations to design safe and effective nanotherapeutic agents for the clinical treatments of cancers.

scholarly journals A GdW10@PDA-CAT Sensitizer with High-Z Effect and Self-Supplied Oxygen for Hypoxic-Tumor Radiotherapy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Lixia Chen ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Xinming Zhang ◽  
Ruijuan Lv ◽  
Rongtian Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Ht29 Cells ◽  
Radiotherapy Field ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Hypoxic Tumor

Anticancer treatment is largely affected by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), which causes the resistance of the tumor to radiotherapy. Combining radiosensitizer compounds and O2 self-enriched moieties is an emerging strategy in hypoxic-tumor treatments. Herein, we engineered GdW10@PDA-CAT (K3Na4H2GdW10O36·2H2O, GdW10, polydopamine, PDA, catalase, CAT) composites as a radiosensitizer for the TME-manipulated enhancement of radiotherapy. In the composites, Gd (Z = 64) and W (Z = 74), as the high Z elements, make X-ray gather in tumor cells, thereby enhancing DNA damage induced by radiation. CAT can convert H2O2 to O2 and H2O to enhance the X-ray effect under hypoxic TME. CAT and PDA modification enhances the biocompatibility of the composites. Our results showed that GdW10@PDA-CAT composites increased the efficiency of radiotherapy in HT29 cells in culture. This polyoxometalates and O2 self-supplement composites provide a promising radiosensitizer for the radiotherapy field.

Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Cu2(OH)PO4 Nanocrystals for Selective and Controllable Radiosentization via the X-ray-Triggered Fenton-like Reaction

Nano Letters ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1749-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyang Zhang ◽  
Liang Yan ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xinghua Dong ◽  
Ruyi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Bacteriolytic Therapy: Tumor Microenvironment Targeting Nano–Bio Emulsion for Synergistic Combinational X‐Ray PDT with Oncolytic Bacteria Therapy (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 13/2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2070043
Author(s):  
Wooram Park ◽  
Soojeong Cho ◽  
Dongkyu Kang ◽  
Jun‐Hyeok Han ◽  
Jung‐Hoon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bacteriolytic Therapy

scholarly journals Modulation of Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Radiotherapy Efficacy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inhibiting Carbonic Anhydrase IX

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengqin Xu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Fanghong Ge ◽  
Fuming Zhang ◽  
Xia He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Ix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Caix Expression

The radiotherapy outcomes of patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain poor due to hypoxia. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a membrane-associated enzyme that induces hypoxia, extracellular acidity, and upregulation of hypoxia-related factors in tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting tumor metastasis. CAIX is upregulated in ESCC tissues compared to normal surrounding tissues. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of CAIX inhibition on the modulation of tumor microenvironment and radiotherapy efficacy in ESCC. Higher CAIX expression was correlated with poorer progression-free survival in ESCC patients. Then, the ethyl N-(4-methylphenyl) sulfonylcarbamate (S4) was used to inhibit CAIX expression in ESCC cells and mice xenografts. The pretreatment of ESCC cells with S4 significantly downregulated CAIX expression, decreased intracellular pH, reduced cell viability, resulting in decreased oxygen consumption and more sensitive response to X-ray irradiation. In mice inoculated with ESCC cells, the combination of X-ray irradiation with S4 further improved survival, delayed tumor growth, decreased hypoxia level, exaggerated DNA damage, and increased apoptosis compared with the groups treated solely with S4 or radiotherapy. In conclusion, our study showed that the inhibition of CAIX by S4 treatment altered hypoxic tumor micro-environment, exaggerated DNA damage, increased apoptosis, and thus enhanced radiotherapy efficacy in ESCC. These findings provided a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with resistant ESCC.

Space and Time Distribution of Hard X-Ray Emission in a Loop at the Beginning of a Flare

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 275-277
Author(s):  
M. Karlický ◽  
J. C. Hénoux
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Electron Bombardment ◽  
Spatial Evolution ◽  
Superthermal Electrons ◽  
Flare Loop ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Superthermal Electron ◽  
Flare Loops ◽  
Chromospheric Evaporation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractUsing a new ID hybrid model of the electron bombardment in flare loops, we study not only the evolution of densities, plasma velocities and temperatures in the loop, but also the temporal and spatial evolution of hard X-ray emission. In the present paper a continuous bombardment by electrons isotropically accelerated at the top of flare loop with a power-law injection distribution function is considered. The computations include the effects of the return-current that reduces significantly the depth of the chromospheric layer which is evaporated. The present modelling is made with superthermal electron parameters corresponding to the classical resistivity regime for an input energy flux of superthermal electrons of 109erg cm−2s−1. It was found that due to the electron bombardment the two chromospheric evaporation waves are generated at both feet of the loop and they propagate up to the top, where they collide and cause temporary density and hard X-ray enhancements.

Some Problems in Understanding the Solar Corona

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. H. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Solar Atmosphere ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Total System ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Proper Perspective ◽  
Space Observations

The development of the physics of the solar atmosphere during the last 50 years has been greatly influenced by the increasing capability of observations made from space. Access to images and spectra of the hotter plasma in the UV, XUV and X-ray regions provided a major advance over the few coronal forbidden lines seen in the visible and enabled the cooler chromospheric and photospheric plasma to be seen in its proper perspective, as part of a total system. In this way space observations have stimulated new and important advances, not only in space but also in ground-based observations and theoretical modelling, so that today we find a well-balanced harmony between the three techniques.

White-Light Coronal Structures: Streamers and CMEs

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
E. Hildner
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
White Light ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Temperature Function ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eclipse Observations ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractOver the last twenty years, orbiting coronagraphs have vastly increased the amount of observational material for the whitelight corona. Spanning almost two solar cycles, and augmented by ground-based K-coronameter, emission-line, and eclipse observations, these data allow us to assess,inter alia: the typical and atypical behavior of the corona; how the corona evolves on time scales from minutes to a decade; and (in some respects) the relation between photospheric, coronal, and interplanetary features. This talk will review recent results on these three topics. A remark or two will attempt to relate the whitelight corona between 1.5 and 6 R⊙to the corona seen at lower altitudes in soft X-rays (e.g., with Yohkoh). The whitelight emission depends only on integrated electron density independent of temperature, whereas the soft X-ray emission depends upon the integral of electron density squared times a temperature function. The properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) will be reviewed briefly and their relationships to other solar and interplanetary phenomena will be noted.

Iron K-Line Emission from X-Ray Binaries

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
K. Masai ◽  
S. Hayakawa ◽  
F. Nagase
Keyword(s):  
Accretion Disk ◽  
Radiative Recombination ◽  
Characteristic Temperature ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Ionization Front ◽  
Continuum Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
X Ray Binaries

AbstractEmission mechanisms of the iron Kα-lines in X-ray binaries are discussed in relation with the characteristic temperature Txof continuum radiation thereof. The 6.7 keV line is ascribed to radiative recombination followed by cascades in a corona of ∼ 100 eV formed above the accretion disk. This mechanism is attained for Tx≲ 10 keV as observed for low mass X-ray binaries. The 6.4 keV line observed for binary X-ray pulsars with Tx> 10 keV is likely due to fluorescence outside the He II ionization front.

Diagnostics of Gold Laser Plasmas

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
J.C. Gauthier ◽  
J.P. Geindre ◽  
P. Monier ◽  
C. Chenais-Popovics ◽  
N. Tragin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Pure Gold ◽  
Electronic Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laser Plasmas ◽  
Collisional Radiative Model ◽  
Radiative Model

AbstractIn order to achieve a nickel-like X ray laser scheme we need a tool to determine the parameters which characterise the high-Z plasma. The aim of this work is to study gold laser plasmas and to compare experimental results to a collisional-radiative model which describes nickel-like ions. The electronic temperature and density are measured by the emission of an aluminium tracer. They are compared to the predictions of the nickel-like model for pure gold. The results show that the density and temperature can be estimated in a pure gold plasma.

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