scholarly journals Stem Cells: Surface Bound Amine Functional Group Density Influences Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 4/2013)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-624
Author(s):  
Frances Harding ◽  
Renee Goreham ◽  
Robert Short ◽  
Krasimir Vasilev ◽  
Nicolas H. Voelcker
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Amine Functional Group ◽  
Group Density ◽  
Cell Maintenance

scholarly journals Surface Bound Amine Functional Group Density Influences Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Harding ◽  
Renee Goreham ◽  
Robert Short ◽  
Krasimir Vasilev ◽  
Nicolas H. Voelcker
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Amine Functional Group ◽  
Group Density ◽  
Cell Maintenance

scholarly journals The Role of Ubiquitination in Regulating Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Cancer Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Wang ◽  
Fan Bu ◽  
Weiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Substrate Protein ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes ◽  
Cell Maintenance

Ubiquitination regulates nearly every aspect of cellular events in eukaryotes. It modifies intracellular proteins with 76-amino acid polypeptide ubiquitin (Ub) and destines them for proteolysis or activity alteration. Ubiquitination is generally achieved by a tri-enzyme machinery involving ubiquitin activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2) and ubiquitin ligases (E3). E1 activates Ub and transfers it to the active cysteine site of E2 via a transesterification reaction. E3 coordinates with E2 to mediate isopeptide bond formation between Ub and substrate protein. The E1-E2-E3 cascade can create diverse types of Ub modifications, hence effecting distinct outcomes on the substrate proteins. Dysregulation of ubiquitination results in severe consequences and human diseases. There include cancers, developmental defects and immune disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the ubiquitination machinery and discuss the recent progresses in the ubiquitination-mediated regulation of embryonic stem cell maintenance and cancer biology.

scholarly journals Loss of Mob1a/b impairs the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into the three germ layer lineages

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Sung Bae ◽  
Sun Mi Kim ◽  
Yoon Jeon ◽  
Juyeon Sim ◽  
Ji Yun Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Escs ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
The Hippo Pathway ◽  
Cell Maintenance

AbstractThe Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and apoptosis and can regulate stem cell maintenance and embryonic development. MOB kinase activators 1A and 1B (Mob1a/b) are key components of the Hippo pathway, whose homozygous deletion in mice causes early embryonic lethality at the preimplantation stage. To investigate the role of Mob1a/b in stem cell maintenance and differentiation, an embryonic stem cell (ESC) clone in which Mob1a/b could be conditionally depleted was generated and characterized. Although Mob1a/b depletion did not affect the stemness or proliferation of mouse ESCs, this depletion caused defects in differentiation into the three germ layers. Yap knockdown rescued the in vitro and in vivo defects in differentiation caused by Mob1a/b depletion, suggesting that differentiation defects caused by Mob1a/b depletion were Yap-dependent. In teratoma experiments, Yap knockdown in Mob1a/b-depleted ESCs partially restored defects in differentiation, indicating that hyperactivation of Taz, another effector of the Hippo pathway, inhibited differentiation into the three germ layers. Taken together, these results suggest that Mob1a/b or Hippo signaling plays a critical role in the differentiation of mouse ESCs into the three germ layers, which is dependent on Yap. These close relationship of the Hippo pathway with the differentiation of stem cells supports its potential as a therapeutic target in regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Selective targeting of the BRG/PB1 bromodomains impairs embryonic and trophoblast stem cell maintenance

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. e1500723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Fedorov ◽  
Josefina Castex ◽  
Cynthia Tallant ◽  
Dafydd R. Owen ◽  
Sarah Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Trophoblast Stem ◽  
Cell Maintenance

Mammalian SWI/SNF [also called Brg/Brahma-associated factors (BAFs)] are evolutionarily conserved chromatin-remodeling complexes regulating gene transcription programs during development and stem cell differentiation. BAF complexes contain an ATP (adenosine 5′-triphosphate)–driven remodeling enzyme (either BRG1 or BRM) and multiple protein interaction domains including bromodomains, an evolutionary conserved acetyl lysine–dependent protein interaction motif that recruits transcriptional regulators to acetylated chromatin. We report a potent and cell active protein interaction inhibitor, PFI-3, that selectively binds to essential BAF bromodomains. The high specificity of PFI-3 was achieved on the basis of a novel binding mode of a salicylic acid head group that led to the replacement of water molecules typically maintained in other bromodomain inhibitor complexes. We show that exposure of embryonic stem cells to PFI-3 led to deprivation of stemness and deregulated lineage specification. Furthermore, differentiation of trophoblast stem cells in the presence of PFI-3 was markedly enhanced. The data present a key function of BAF bromodomains in stem cell maintenance and differentiation, introducing a novel versatile chemical probe for studies on acetylation-dependent cellular processes controlled by BAF remodeling complexes.

Investigations of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance by Analyses of Culture Variables and Gene Expression

2007 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
James M. Piret ◽  
Clive H. Glover ◽  
Michael Marin ◽  
Mohammed A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
Connie J. Eaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Murine Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Maintenance

Full factorial screening of human embryonic stem cell maintenance with multiplexed microbioreactor arrays

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 822-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew M. Titmarsh ◽  
Dmitry A. Ovchinnikov ◽  
Ernst J. Wolvetang ◽  
Justin J. Cooper-White
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Cell Maintenance
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