Artifact‐Free 2D Mapping of Neural Activity In Vivo through Transparent Gold Nanonetwork Array

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (34) ◽  
pp. 2000896
Author(s):  
Ji‐Won Seo ◽  
Kiup Kim ◽  
Ki‐Won Seo ◽  
Mi Kyung Kim ◽  
Sohyeon Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity

Ex Vivo Brain Preparation to Analyze Vocal Pathways of Xenopus Frogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot106872
Author(s):  
Ayako Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
The Brain

Understanding the neural basis of behavior is a challenging task for technical reasons. Most methods of recording neural activity require animals to be immobilized, but neural activity associated with most behavior cannot be recorded from an anesthetized, immobilized animal. Using amphibians, however, there has been some success in developing in vitro brain preparations that can be used for electrophysiological and anatomical studies. Here, we describe an ex vivo frog brain preparation from which fictive vocalizations (the neural activity that would have produced vocalizations had the brain been attached to the muscle) can be elicited repeatedly. When serotonin is applied to the isolated brains of male and female African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, laryngeal nerve activity that is a facsimile of those that underlie sex-specific vocalizations in vivo can be readily recorded. Recently, this preparation was successfully used in other species within the genus including Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus victorianus. This preparation allows a variety of techniques to be applied including extracellular and intracellular electrophysiological recordings and calcium imaging during vocal production, surgical and pharmacological manipulation of neurons to evaluate their impact on motor output, and tract tracing of the neural circuitry. Thus, the preparation is a powerful tool with which to understand the basic principles that govern the production of coherent and robust motor programs in vertebrates.

scholarly journals Forebrain NgR1 Overexpression Impairs DA Release Suggesting Synergy of Local and Global Synaptic Plasticity Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Arvidsson ◽  
Sarolta Gabulya ◽  
Alvin Tore Brodin ◽  
Tobias Erik Karlsson ◽  
Lars Olson
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global Systems ◽  
Da Release

Structural synaptic reorganizations needed to permanently embed novel memories in the brain involve complex plasticity-enhancing and plasticity-inhibiting systems. Increased neural activity is linked to rapid downregulation of Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1), needed to allow local structural synaptic plasticity. This local regulation of plasticity is thought to be moderated by global systems, such as the ascending cholinergic and monoaminergic systems, adding significance to locally increased neural activity. Here we address the reverse possibility that the global systems may also be influenced by the status of local plasticity. Using NgR1-overexpressing mice, with impaired plasticity and long-term memory, we measured the ability to release dopamine (DA), implicated in regulating plasticity and memory. In vivo chronoamperometric recording with high temporal and spatial resolution revealed severe impairment of potassium chloride (KCl)-induced increase of extracellular DA in the dorsal striatum of mice overexpressing NgR1 in forebrain neurons. A similar, but lesser, impairment of DA release was seen following amphetamine delivery. In contrast, potassium chloride-evoked DA release in NgR1 knockout (KO) mice led to increased levels of extracellular DA. That NgR1 can impair DA signaling, thereby further dampening synaptic plasticity, suggests a new role for NgR1 signaling, acting in synergy with DA signaling to control synaptic plasticity.Significance Statement:The inverse correlation between local NgR1 levels and magnitude of KCl-inducible amounts of DA release in the striatum reinforces the rule of NgR1 as a regulator of structural synaptic plasticity and suggests synergy between local and global plasticity regulating systems.

scholarly journals A high-speed, bright, red fluorescent voltage sensor to detect neural activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Beck ◽  
Yiyang Gong
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Fluorescent Sensors ◽  
Fast Kinetics ◽  
Spectral Separation ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Abstract Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) have emerged as a technology to optically record neural activity with genetic specificity and millisecond-scale temporal resolution using fluorescence microscopy. GEVIs have demonstrated ultra-fast kinetics and high spike detection fidelity in vivo, but existing red-fluorescent voltage indicators fall short of the response and brightness achieved by green fluorescent protein-based sensors. Furthermore, red-fluorescent GEVIs suffer from incomplete spectral separation from green sensors and blue-light-activated optogenetic actuators. We have developed Ace-mScarlet, a red fluorescent GEVI that fuses Ace2N, a voltage-sensitive inhibitory rhodopsin, with mScarlet, a bright red fluorescent protein (FP). Through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), our sensor detects changes in membrane voltage with high sensitivity and brightness and has kinetics comparable to the fastest green fluorescent sensors. Ace-mScarlet’s red-shifted absorption and emission spectra facilitate virtually complete spectral separation when used in combination with green-fluorescent sensors or with blue-light-sensitive sensors and rhodopsins. This spectral separation enables both simultaneous imaging in two separate wavelength channels and high-fidelity voltage recordings during simultaneous optogenetic perturbation.

scholarly journals Chronic neural activity recorded within breast tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant A. McCallum ◽  
Jay Shiralkar ◽  
Diana Suciu ◽  
Gil Covarrubias ◽  
Jennifer S. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Abstract Nerve fibers are known to reside within malignant tumors and the greater the neuronal density the worse prognosis for the patient. Recent discoveries using tumor bearing animal models have eluded to the autonomic nervous system having a direct effect on tumor growth and metastasis. We report the first direct and chronic in vivo measurements of neural activity within tumors. Using a triple-negative mammary cancer mouse model and chronic neural interface techniques, we have recorded neural activity directly within the tumor mass while the tumor grows and metastasizes. The results indicate that there is a strong connection between the autonomic nervous system and the tumor and could help uncover the mechanisms of tumor growth and metastasis.

scholarly journals Live demonstration: In-vivo imaging of neural activity with dynamic vision sensors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Taverni ◽  
Diederik Paul Moeys ◽  
Fabian Friedrich Voigt ◽  
Chenghan Li ◽  
Celso Cavaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Vision Sensors ◽  
Dynamic Vision ◽  
Live Demonstration

scholarly journals Modal demultiplexing properties of tapered and nanostructured optical fibers for in vivo optogenetic control of neural activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pisanello ◽  
Andrea Della Patria ◽  
Leonardo Sileo ◽  
Bernardo L. Sabatini ◽  
Massimo De Vittorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Optogenetic Control

scholarly journals Cultured Neural Networks: Optimization of Patterned Network Adhesiveness and Characterization of their Neural Activity

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. C. Rutten ◽  
T. G. Ruardij ◽  
E. Marani ◽  
B. H. Roelofsen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
Electrode Site ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Planar Substrate ◽  
Neural Information ◽  
Neural Networks Optimization ◽  
High Degree

One type of future, improved neural interface is the “cultured probe”. It is a hybrid type of neural information transducer or prosthesis, for stimulation and/or recording of neural activity. It would consist of a microelectrode array (MEA) on a planar substrate, each electrode being covered and surrounded by a local circularly confined network (“island”) of cultured neurons. The main purpose of the local networks is that they act as biofriendly intermediates for collateral sprouts from thein vivosystem, thus allowing for an effective and selective neuron–electrode interface. As a secondary purpose, one may envisage future information processing applications of these intermediary networks. In this paper, first, progress is shown on how substrates can be chemically modified to confine developing networks, cultured from dissociated rat cortex cells, to “islands” surrounding an electrode site. Additional coating of neurophobic, polyimide-coated substrate by triblock-copolymer coating enhances neurophilic-neurophobic adhesion contrast. Secondly, results are given on neuronal activity in patterned, unconnected and connected, circular “island” networks. For connected islands, the larger the island diameter (50, 100 or 150 μm), the more spontaneous activity is seen. Also, activity may show a very high degree of synchronization between two islands. For unconnected islands, activity may start at 22 days in vitro (DIV), which is two weeks later than in unpatterned networks.

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