scholarly journals Natural Wax for Transient Electronics

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (32) ◽  
pp. 1801819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Min Won ◽  
Jahyun Koo ◽  
Kaitlyn E. Crawford ◽  
Aaron D. Mickle ◽  
Yeguang Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transient Electronics ◽  
Natural Wax

Analysis of natural wax from Nelumbo nucifera leaves by using polar and non-polar organic solvents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aradhya Dev Srivastav ◽  
Vireshwar Singh ◽  
Deepak Singh ◽  
Balendu Shekher Giri ◽  
Dhananjay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Polar Organic Solvents ◽  
Natural Wax

An Egg-Waxing Organ in Ticks

1948 ◽  
Vol s3-89 (7) ◽  
pp. 291-332
Author(s):  
A. D. LESS ◽  
J.W. L. BEAMENT
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Shell Layer ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Humid Atmosphere ◽  
Yellow Grease ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Pore Canals ◽  
Natural Wax

1. During the oviposition of ticks a glandular organ--the organ of Géné is everted and touches the egg. If it is prevented from everting most of the eggs shrivel rapidly; few hatch even in a humid atmosphere. 2. The waterproofing properties of the normal egg are conferred by a superficial coating of wax, 0.5-2.0 µ. in thickness. In Ornithodorus moubata the wax is secreted and applied solely by Géné's organ. In Ixodes ricinus waterproofing takes place in two stages: an incomplete covering of wax, probably secreted by the lobed accessory glands, is first smeared over the egg during its passage down the vagina; waterproofing is then completed by a further application of wax from Géné's organ after the egg has been laid. Owing to its superficial position on the egg the wax layer is readily attacked by solvents and emulsifiers. 3. The morphology of Géné's organ in O. moubata is described. The gland is a proliferation of the epidermis which lies detached from the cuticle. Its secretion, a watery refractile liquid containing the wax precursor, accumulates between the gland and the cuticle in two horn-like extensions. The wax is probably secreted through pore canals distributed over a narrow zone of cuticle below the horns; the cement covering-layer of the epicuticle does not extend to this zone. 4. The transparent, heat-stable material isolated from the horns of Géné's organ is regarded as the wax precursor. Solubility in water is probably con ferred by chemical linkage with protein. The precursor is taken up from the horns, where it is stored, and is presumably broken down within the gland cells. The wax is then secreted through the pore canals while the protein moiety is retained by the cell. 5. The critical temperatures of the eggs of Ixodidae range from 35° C. in I. ricinus to 44° C. in Hyalomma savignyi; only slightly higher critical temperatures were recorded for Argasidae (45° C. in O. moubata). Eggs with lower critical temperatures are more susceptible to desiccation. The susceptibility of the eggs of a given species is of the same order as that of the parent species; but whereas in Ixodidae the critical temperatures of the egg and the cuticle of the female tick are approximately the same, in Argasidae the critical temperatures of the cuticle are much higher (62° C. in O. moubata). These differences are related to the physical properties of the waxes. The cuticular wax in O. moubata is hard and crystalline (m.p. 65° C), whereas the egg wax is soft and viscous (m.p. 50-54° C). 6. The natural wax from Géné's organ has definite powers of spreading on the surface of the egg and so completing the waterproofing layer. 7. The material extracted with boiling chloroform from egg-shells or from nymphal cuticles separates spontaneously into two fractions, a hard white wax (c. 85 per cent, by weight) and a soft yellow grease (c. 15 per cent.). The properties of these two lipoids differ conspicuously from those of the natural wax. Attempts to deposit the extracted materials on membranes in the form of a waterproofing layer were unsuccessful. 8. Ovulation is described in O. moubata. The shell of the tick egg is secreted by the oocyte itself and not by follicle cells. Three layers can be distinguished in the 24-hour egg: (i) an outer wax layer; (ii) an incomplete layer of granules which reduce ammoniacal silver nitrate; (iii) a shell layer. A fourth layer, the inner membrane (iv), is secreted by the oocyte after incubation for 2-3 days. 9. Both the shell layer and the inner membrane are composed of resistant, elastic protein and are devoid of chitin. The shell layer of the unwaterproofed egg is highly permeable to water and to large molecules with either hydrophilic or lipophilic affinities. The inner membrane is at first freely permeable to water and to inorganic ions. During the course of incubation the wax gradually migrates into the shell material and may reach the inner membrane. As this occurs, the effectiveness of abrasive dusts and of chloroform in promoting increased transpiration through the shell is notably reduced.

scholarly journals Transient Electronics: High-Temperature-Triggered Thermally Degradable Electronics Based on Flexible Silicon Nanomembranes (Adv. Funct. Mater. 45/2018)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (45) ◽  
pp. 1870323
Author(s):  
Gongjin Li ◽  
Enming Song ◽  
Gaoshan Huang ◽  
Qinglei Guo ◽  
Fei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nanomembranes ◽  
Transient Electronics

scholarly journals Ultrasound-mediated triboelectric nanogenerator for powering on-demand transient electronics

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Min Lee ◽  
Najaf Rubab ◽  
Inah Hyun ◽  
Wooseok Kang ◽  
Young-Jun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Transient Electronics

Superhydrophobic coatings made from biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane and natural wax

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 105279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Torun ◽  
Mahmut Ruzi ◽  
Fatmanur Er ◽  
M. Serdar Onses
Keyword(s):  
Superhydrophobic Coatings ◽  
Natural Wax

An Analytical Model of Reactive Diffusion for Transient Electronics

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (24) ◽  
pp. 3106-3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Huanyu Cheng ◽  
Yewang Su ◽  
Suk-Won Hwang ◽  
Lan Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Reactive Diffusion ◽  
Transient Electronics

High-Performance Biodegradable/Transient Electronics on Biodegradable Polymers

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 3905-3911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk-Won Hwang ◽  
Jun-Kyul Song ◽  
Xian Huang ◽  
Huanyu Cheng ◽  
Seung-Kyun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Transient Electronics
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