Highly Efficient Diels-Alder Crosslinkable Electro-Optic Dendrimers for Electric-Field Sensors

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 2557-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Shi ◽  
S. Hau ◽  
J. Luo ◽  
T.-D. Kim ◽  
N. M. Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Electric Field Sensors ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Electro Optic

Robust In-Fiber Electric Field Sensors Using AJL8/APC Electro-Optic Polymer

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2057-2064
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Kvavle ◽  
Jonathan Young ◽  
Efrain Gutierrez ◽  
Stephen Schultz ◽  
Richard Selfridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Sensors ◽  
Electro Optic

scholarly journals An Integrated Photonic Electric-Field Sensor Utilizing a 1 × 2 YBB Mach-Zehnder Interferometric Modulator with a Titanium-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguide and a Dipole Patch Antenna

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Applied Electric Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field Sensors ◽  
Electric Field Sensor ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Field Sensor

We studied photonic electric-field sensors using a 1 × 2 YBB-MZI modulator composed of two complementary outputs and a 3 dB directional coupler based on the electro-optic effect and titanium diffused lithium–niobate optical waveguides. The measured DC switching voltage and extinction ratio at the wavelength 1.3 μm were ~16.6 V and ~14.7 dB, respectively. The minimum detectable fields were ~1.12 V/m and ~3.3 V/m, corresponding to the ~22 dB and ~18 dB dynamic ranges of ~10 MHz and 50 MHz, respectively, for an rf power of 20 dBm. The sensor shows an almost linear response to the applied electric-field strength within the range of 0.29 V/m to 29.8 V/m.

Electric-field sensors utilizing coupling between a D-fiber and an electro-optic polymer slab

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (20) ◽  
pp. 3505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Chadderdon ◽  
Richard Gibson ◽  
Richard H. Selfridge ◽  
Stephen M. Schultz ◽  
Wen C. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Sensors ◽  
Electro Optic

Modeling and experimental electro-optic response of dielectric lithium niobate waveguides used as electric field sensors

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 035207 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Gutiérrez-Martínez ◽  
J Santos-Aguilar ◽  
R Ochoa-Valiente ◽  
M Santiago-Bernal ◽  
A Morales-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Sensors ◽  
Electro Optic

Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reactions of Oxazoles, Imidazoles, and Thiazoles

Synthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wipf ◽  
Thanh T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Lewis Acid ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Copper Catalysts ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Intramolecular Cycloadditions ◽  
Western Segment ◽  
Target Molecules

AbstractThe development of the intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition­ of azole heterocycles, i.e. oxazoles (IMDAO), imidazoles (IMDAI), and thiazoles (IMDAT), has had a significant impact on the efficient preparation of heterocyclic intermediates and natural products. In particular, highly efficient and versatile IMDAO reactions have been utilized as a key step in several synthetic schemes to provide alkaloids and terpenoid target molecules. More limited studies have been performed on IMDAI and IMDAT cycloadditions. Some drawbacks, such as the occasionally­ challenging preparation of IMDA precursors, are also highlighted in this review. Perspectives are provided on how IMDAI and IMDAT­ transformations can be further expanded for target-directed syntheses.1 Introduction2 Oxazoles2.1 IMDAO Approaches to Furanosesquiterpenes and Furanosteroids2.1.1 Syntheses of Highly Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes2.1.2 Syntheses of (±)-Gnididione and (±)-Isognididione2.1.3 Synthesis of (±)-Stemoamide2.1.4 Synthesis of (±)-Paniculide A2.1.5 Syntheses of (+)- and (–)-Norsecurinine2.1.6 Synthesis of Evodone2.1.7 Syntheses of (±)-Ligularone and (±)-Petasalbine2.1.8 Syntheses of Imerubrine, Isoimerubrine, and Grandirubrine2.1.9 Syntheses of Furanosteroids2.1.10 Syntheses of Substituted Indolines and Tetrahydroquinolines2.2 IMDAO Approaches to Pyridines: the Kondrat’eva Reaction2.2.1 Syntheses of Suaveoline and Norsuaveoline2.2.2 Synthesis of Eupolauramine2.2.3 Syntheses of (–)-Plectrodorine and (+)-Oxerine2.2.4 Synthesis of Amphimedine2.2.5 Synthetic Approach to the Western Segment of Haplophytine2.2.6 Synthesis of Marinoquinoline A2.2.6.1 IMDAO Approach to Marinoquinoline A2.2.6.2 Scope of Allenyl IMDAO Cycloaddition2.3 Lewis Acid Catalysis in IMDAO Reactions2.3.1 Effects of Europium Catalysts on IMDAO Reactions2.3.2 Effects of Copper Catalysts on IMDAO Reactions3 Imidazoles 4 Thiazoles4.1 Syntheses of Menthane and Eremophilane4.2 Further Comments on the Intramolecular Cycloadditions of Thiocarbonyl Ylides5 Conclusions and Outlook

scholarly journals Rydberg Atom Electric Field Sensors for Communications and Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Charles T. Fancher ◽  
David R. Scherer ◽  
Marc C. St. John ◽  
Bonnie L. Schmittberger Marlow
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Rydberg Atom ◽  
Electric Field Sensors

scholarly journals Electro-Optic Control of Lithium Niobate Bulk Whispering Gallery Resonators: Analysis of the Distribution of Externally Applied Electric Fields

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Yannick Minet ◽  
Hans Zappe ◽  
Ingo Breunig ◽  
Karsten Buse
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Parametric Oscillation ◽  
Pockels Effect ◽  
Optical Mode ◽  
Cylindrical Resonator ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Electro Optic

Whispering gallery resonators made out of lithium niobate allow for optical parametric oscillation and frequency comb generation employing the outstanding second-order nonlinear-optical properties of this material. An important knob to tune and control these processes is, e.g., the linear electro-optic effect, the Pockels effect via externally applied electric fields. Due to the shape of the resonators a precise prediction of the electric field strength that affects the optical mode is non-trivial. Here, we study the average strength of the electric field in z-direction in the region of the optical mode for different configurations and geometries of lithium niobate whispering gallery resonators with the help of the finite element method. We find that in some configurations almost 100% is present in the cavity compared to the ideal case of a cylindrical resonator. Even in the case of a few-mode resonator with a very thin rim we find a strength of 90%. Our results give useful design considerations for future arrangements that may benefit from the strong electro-optic effect in bulk whispering gallery resonators made out of lithium niobate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document