Evolution of Phase Strains During Tensile Loading of Bovine Cortical Bone

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Singhal ◽  
Fang Yuan ◽  
Stuart R. Stock ◽  
Jonathan D. Almer ◽  
L. Catherine Brinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Phase Strains

scholarly journals A Study of Internal Damage of Metal Matrix Composites by Neutron Diffraction

1994 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shi ◽  
M. A. M. Bourke ◽  
J. A. Goldstone
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Strain Response ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Sic Composites ◽  
Phase Stresses ◽  
Phase Strains

ABSTRACTUsing neutron diffraction, we have measured the elastic phase strains of Al/TiC and Al/SiC composites under uniaxial tensile loading. The phase strains were used to reconstruct the global elastic strain. It has been found that, above macroscopic yield, the global elastic strain response is not linear. A theoretical model shows that the nonlinearity is dictated by changes in the ratio of longitudinal phase stresses. Furthermore, the changes in this ratio resulting from matrix plasticity and reinforcement fracture are different which leads to distinct slope changes in the global elastic strain response that can be used to distinguish the onset of these two processes on the global elastic strain loading curve.

411 Redistribution and reorganization of HAp crystallites in cortical bone under tensile loading

2009 ◽  
Vol 2008.21 (0) ◽  
pp. 159-160
Author(s):  
Bijay GIRI ◽  
Kazuhiro FUJISAKI ◽  
Masahiro TODOH ◽  
Shigeru TADANO
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Tensile Loading

J024036 Raman Spectroscopy of Cortical Bone during Tensile Loading

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (0) ◽  
pp. _J024036-1-_J024036-4
Author(s):  
Takuro KADOYA ◽  
Masahiro TODOH ◽  
Shigeru TADANO
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Tensile Loading

Cortical Bone Model With a Microcrack Under Tensile Loading

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Wenshuai Wang ◽  
Shenghu Ding ◽  
Yaogeng Chen ◽  
Xing Li
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Singular Integral Equations ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Microcrack Propagation ◽  
Biological Composites ◽  
Edge Dislocations

Abstract BackgroundBone is a biological material whose mechanical properties are outstanding. The fracture mechanics research of cortical bone is a major challenge to fully understand the complex behavior of biological composites and for the design of future bioinspired materials. MethodsIn order to characterize the fracture mechanics behavior of cortical bone, the plane problem for the cortical bone with a microcrack located in the interstitial tissue under tensile loading was considered. Using the solution for the continuously distributed edge dislocations as Green's functions, the problem was formulated. ResultsThe singular integral equations with Cauchy kernels were obtained. And the numerical results indicate that the stress intensity factor of the microcrack is dominated by the material constants and the geometric parameters of the cortical bone.ConclusionThe numerical results suggest that a soft osteon promotes the microcrack propagation while stiff one repels it, but this interaction effect is limited near the osteon. Some of the numerical results are in accordance with the results obtained and additional numerical results predicted need to be confirmed.

Sem Examinations of Glass Knives

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Resultant Force ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Edge Chipping ◽  
Surface Flaws ◽  
Edge Defects ◽  
Microscopic Surface

There are two types of edge defects common to glass knives as typically prepared for microtomy purposes: 1) striations and 2) edge chipping. The former is a function of the free breaking process while edge chipping results from usage or bumping of the edge. Because glass has no well defined planes in its structure, it should be highly resistant to plastic deformation of any sort, including tensile loading. In practice, prevention of microscopic surface flaws is impossible. The surface flaws produce stress concentrations so that tensile strengths in glass are typically 10-20 kpsi and vary only slightly with composition. If glass can be kept in compression, wherein failure is literally unknown (1), it will remain intact for long periods of time. Forces acting on the tool in microtomy produce a resultant force that acts to keep the edge in compression.

Pullout Strength of Screws in Foal Third Metacarpal Bone after Overdrilling a 4.5 mm Hole

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kelly ◽  
G. S. Martin ◽  
D. J. Burba ◽  
S. A. Sedrish ◽  
R. M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Pullout Strength ◽  
Cancellous Screw ◽  
Bone Screw ◽  
Screw Insertion ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Cortical Screw ◽  
Metaphyseal Bone

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to determine and to compare the in vitro pullout strength of 5.5 mm cortical versus 6.5 mm cancellous bone screws inserted in the diaphysis and metaphysis of foal third metacarpal (MCIII) bones in threaded 4.5 mm cortical bone screw insertion holes that were then overdrilled with a 4.5 mm drill bit. This information is relevant to the selection of a replacement screw if a 4.5 mm cortical screw is stripped during orthopaedic surgery. In vitro pullout tests were performed in two independent cadaver studies, each consisting of 12 foal MCIII bones. Two 4.5 mm cortical screws were placed either in the mid-diaphysis (study 1) or distal metaphysis (study 2) of MCIII bones. The holes were then overdrilled with a 4.5 mm bit and had either a 5.5 mm cortical or a 6.5 mm cancellous screw inserted; screw pullout tests were performed at a rate of 0.04 mm/s until screw or bone failure occurred.The bone failed in all of the tests in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal bone. The holding power for 6.5 mm cancellous screws was significantly (p <0.05) greater than for 5.5 mm cortical screws in both the diaphysis and metaphysis. There was not any difference in the holding power of screws in either the diaphysis or the metaphysis between proximal and distal screw holes.If a 4.5 mm cortical bone screw strips in MCIII diaphyseal or metaphyseal bone of foals, a 6.5 mm cancellous screw would provide greater holding power than a 5.5 mm cortical screw.In order to provide information regarding selection of a replacement screw if a 4.5 mm cortical screw is stripped, the in vitro pullout strength was determined for 5.5 mm cortical and 6.5 mm cancellous screws inserted in third metacarpal diaphyseal and metaphyseal bone of foals in which threaded 4.5 mm cortical bone screw insertion holes had been overdrilled with a 4.5 mm bit. The holding power of the 6.5 mm cancellous screw was significantly greater than the 5.5 mm cortical screw in both the diaphysis and metaphysis of foal third metacarpal bone. Thus, it appears that if a 4.5 mm cortical screw is stripped during orthopaedic surgery in foals, a 6.5 mm cancellous screw would provide superior holding power.

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