Centrality ratings, forensic relevance, and production frequency: Which one best identifies central and peripheral items?

Karlos Luna; Pedro B. Albuquerque

doi:10.1002/acp.3400

Input frequency and lexical variability in phonological development: a survival analysis of word-initial cluster production

Journal of Child Language ◽

10.1017/s0305000912000074 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 539-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

MITSUHIKO OTA ◽

SAM J. GREEN

Keyword(s):

Survival Analysis ◽

Sound Production ◽

Neighborhood Density ◽

Frequency Effect ◽

Input Frequency ◽

Phonological Development ◽

Initial Cluster ◽

Accuracy Level ◽

Ambient Language ◽

Production Frequency

ABSTRACTAlthough it has been often hypothesized that children learn to produce new sound patterns first in frequently heard words, the available evidence in support of this claim is inconclusive. To re-examine this question, we conducted a survival analysis of word-initial consonant clusters produced by three children in the Providence Corpus (0 ; 11–4 ; 0). The analysis took account of several lexical factors in addition to lexical input frequency, including the age of first production, production frequency, neighborhood density and number of phonemes. The results showed that lexical input frequency was a significant predictor of the age at which the accuracy level of cluster production in each word first reached 80%. The magnitude of the frequency effect differed across cluster types. Our findings indicate that some of the between-word variance found in the development of sound production can indeed be attributed to the frequency of words in the child's ambient language.

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Analysis of patterns of use, production, and activity in kid YouTuber channels. A longitudinal study through three cultural contexts: United States, United Kingdom, and Spain

Communications ◽

10.1515/commun-2020-0003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Esther Martínez-Pastor ◽

Ricardo Vizcaíno-Laorga ◽

David Atauri-Mezquida

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

The United States ◽

Cultural Contexts ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Patterns Of Use ◽

Number Of Visits ◽

Production Frequency

Abstract This paper analyzes the data collected about 5,388 videos from the 15 leading channels from Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States focusing on toys and in which the protagonists are children under 14 years of age (2011–2019). It aims to determine whether there are common patterns of use, production, and activity in videos by kid YouTubers. Specific software was developed to enable information to be gathered from the YouTube platform through the YouTube Data API by analyzing the date on which the video was published, length, number of visits, likes, dislikes, and visits/vote (visits/[likes+dislikes]). The main conclusions drawn are that a channel’s success is not dependent on a pattern or specific characteristics, although an impulse pattern has been detected; participation by children who consume content in the United States differs significantly from participation by those in Europe; and certain similarities based on video length and production frequency can be observed between channels.

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DAMPAK KENAlKAN BARGA MINYAK GORENG TERHADAP KELAYAKAN USAHA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA KERIPIK TEMPE DI KECAMATAN RAWALO KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

Agro Ekonomi ◽

10.22146/jae.18215 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Altri Mulyani ◽

Masyhuri Masyhuri ◽

Ken Suratiyah

Keyword(s):

Production Capacity ◽

Research Area ◽

Oil Price ◽

Profit Function ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Production Frequency ◽

Unit Output ◽

Home Industries ◽

The Impact

The objectives are to know: (1) the impact of cooking oil price increasing to the feasibility of tempe chips home industry; (2) income decreasing of tempe chips home industry after cooking oil price increasing; (3)factors affecting the profit of tempe chips home industry; (4) strategy of the tempe chips home industry when the production cost increase as cooking oil price increase. The research area is Rawalo sub-district, Banyumas district. Data collected by census method of 49 tempe home industries. Analyses used are RIC ratio, 1C/Cratio, BEP production, BEP revenue, BEP price, and Unit-Output-Price Cobb-Douglas Profit Function. The results show that: (1) tempe chips home industries have to be maintained although cooking oil price increasing has increased the product's price also; (2) after cooking oil price increasing period, tempe chips home industry has decreasing income; (3) UOP Cobb-Douglas Profit Function shows that cooking oil price, soybean price, cassava powder price, production capacity, dummy variable of before and after increasing cooking oil price period affect the profit function of tempe chips home industry; (4) strategy have been practiced by tempe chips home industries tempe chips product's size, decrease the tempe chips per pack capacity, decrease the production capacity, decrease the production frequency, and add cassava in the processing of tempe making.

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COMPORTAMENTO PRODUTIVO DO MELOEIRO EM RELAÇÃO À SALINIDADE E FREQUENCIA DE IRRIGAÇÃO1

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2003v8n1p44-50 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 44-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adilson David de Barros ◽

Antonio De Pádua Sousa ◽

José Francismar de Medeiros

Keyword(s):

Cucumis Melo ◽

Block Design ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Irrigation Frequency ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

The One ◽

Production Frequency ◽

Cucumis Melo L ◽

E Mail

COMPORTAMENTO PRODUTIVO DO MELOEIRO EM RELAÇÃO À SALINIDADE E FREQUENCIA DE IRRIGAÇÃO1 Adilson David de BarrosDepartamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB. CEP 58109-97. E-mail: [email protected]ônio de Pádua SousaDepartamento de Engenharia Rural,Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail:pá[email protected]é Francismar de MedeirosDepartamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Escola Superior de Agricultura de Mossoró, Mossoró,RN. CEP 59625-900. E-mail: [email protected] 1 RESUMO Neste trabalho, estudou-se o efeito da água com diferentes níveis salinos em termos de condutividade elétrica (CE = 1,1; 2,5 e 4,5 dS.m-1) e duas frequências de irrigação (1 e 2 dias) na produção da cultivar de melão do tipo HoneyDew (Orange Flesh) e a do tipo cantaloupe (Trusty), em solos de textura franco-arenosa na Fazenda São João Ltda, município de Mossoró-RN. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 3x2x2 com quatro repetições. Dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que mesmo sob estresse, a produção de melão irrigado com águas nos níveis salinos de 1,1 dS.m-1 até 2,5 dS.m-1, consegue-se produções economicamente viáveis em relação ao irrigado com as águas de 4,5 dS.m-1. A cultivar Orange Flesh mostrou ser mais sensível aos efeitos dos sais que a Trusty em todos os parâmetros avaliados, demonstrando ser esta última medianamente tolerante aos efeitos deletéricos, reduzindo sua produtividade apenas no nível salino 4,5 dS.m-1, em conformidade com a literatura. UNITERMOS: Cucumis melo L., salinidade, produção, freqüência BARROS, A. D.; SOUSA, A. P.; MEDEIROS, J. F. MELON PRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR IN RELATION TO WATER SALINITY AND IRRIGATION FREQUENCY 2 ABSTRACT This work has studied the effect of different water salinity levels in terms of electrical conductivity (CE = 1.1; 2.5 and 4.5 dS.m-1) and two irrigation frequencies (1 and 2 days) on HoneyDew (Orange Flesh) and cantaloupe (Trusty) melon production, in loam sand soils in São João Ltda farm, municipal district of Mossoró-RN. The experiment was a 3x2x2 factorial randomized block design with four replications. The results allowed to conclude that even under stress, irrigated melon production at 1.1 dS.m-1 up to 2.5 dS.m-1 saline level water , make production economically feasible in relation to the one at 4.5 dS.m-1 saline level water. Orange Flesh seemed to be more sensitive to the salt effects than the Trusty cultivar in all appraised parameters. Trusty cultivar has shown to be reasonably tolerant to the deleterious effects, decreasing its productivity only at 4.5 dS.m-1 saline level , which is according to the literature. KEY-WORDS: Cucumis melo L., salinity, production, frequency

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In vitro Gynogenic Plant Production in Allium tuncelianum (Kollman) Özhatay, Matthew & Şiraneci

10.21203/rs.3.rs-893428/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fevziye Celebi-Toprak ◽

Zeynep Ergun ◽

Ali R. Alan

Keyword(s):

Plant Production ◽

Abnormal Development ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Plantlet Production ◽

Induction Experiment ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Production Frequency ◽

Diploid Cells

Abstract Allium tuncelianum (Kollman) Özhatay, Matthew & Şiraneci forms a single-cloved edible white bulb with mild garlic (A. sativum) odour and taste. Its ability to form seeds make it suitable for genetic improvement via classical and modern approaches. A detailed study was carried out to determine the gynogenesis potential of two A. tuncelianum (AT1 and AT2) accessions. Unopened flower buds of A. tuncelianum accessions were cultured in various BDS- and MS-based induction media. A total of 17 (0.09%) gynogenic plantlets were obtained from ~20000 flower buds used in gynogenesis induction experiment. Accessions showed slight differences in their responses to gynogenesis induction cultures. The highest gynogenic plantlet production frequency (0.34 %) in AT1 was achieved flower buds cultured in T12 medium (MS with 100 g/L sucrose, 1 mg/L a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 8 mg/L isopentenyl adenine (2IP). Flower buds of AT2 showed the highest gynogenic plantlet production response (0.44 %) in T2 medium (BDS with 50 g/L sucrose). Eight of 17 gynogenic plantlets continued to grow and became healthy plants with green leaves and well established roots. Flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of well-developed gynogenic plants showed that two were haploid (25 %), four were diploid (50 %), and two were mixoploid (25 %) for haploid and diploid cells. Nine gynogenic plantlets showing abnormal development were diploid. Therefore, formation of gynogenic plantlets with abnormal phenotypes was likely due to genetic factors. Results obtained from this study suggest use of DH technology in the production of homozygous A. tuncelianum inbreeds in variety improvement programs.

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Tattoos as a window onto cross-linguistic differences in scalar implicature

Experiments in Linguistic Meaning ◽

10.3765/elm.1.5013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Danielle Dionne ◽

Elizabeth Coppock

Keyword(s):

Thought Experiment ◽

Spanish Speakers ◽

Production Data ◽

Scalar Implicature ◽

Linguistic Differences ◽

Standard Cost ◽

Mere Existence ◽

Production Frequency ◽

Production Probability ◽

Do So

This paper addresses the question of how to predict which alternatives are active in scalar implicature calculation, and the nature of this activation. It has been observed that finger implicates 'not thumb', and a Manner-based explanation for this has been proposed, predicting that if English had the simplex Latin word pollex meaning 'thumb or big toe', then finger would cease to have the implicature 'not thumb' that it has. It has also been suggested that this hypothetical pollex would have to be sufficiently colloquial in order to figure in scalar implicature calculation. This paper makes this thought experiment into a real one by using a language that behaves in exactly this way: Spanish has pulgar 'thumb' (< pollex), a non-colloquial form. We first use a fill-in-the-blank production task with both English and Spanish speakers to guage the likelihood with which a speaker will produce a given form as a way of describing a given digit. Production frequency does not perfectly track complexity, so we can then ask whether comprehension follows production frequency or complexity. We do so using a forced choice comprehension task, which reveals cross-linguistic differences in comprehension tracking production probabilities. A comparison between two RSA models -- one in which the speaker perfectly replicates our production data and a standard one in which the speaker chooses based on a standard cost/accuracy trade-off -- illustrates the fact that comprehension is much more closely tied to production probability than to the mere existence of sufficiently simple alternatives.

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