scholarly journals Identification of homologous human miRNAs as antivirals towards COVID‐19 genome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitender Singh ◽  
Ashvinder Raina ◽  
Namrata Sangwan ◽  
Arushi Chauhan ◽  
Krishan L. Khanduja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Mirnas

scholarly journals KSHV-Encoded MicroRNAs: Lessons for Viral Cancer Pathogenesis and Emerging Concepts

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Qin ◽  
Andrew Jakymiw ◽  
Victoria Findlay ◽  
Chris Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Mirna Regulation ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Human Mirnas ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Promote Disease Progression

The human genome contains microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that orchestrate a number of physiologic processes through regulation of gene expression. Burgeoning evidence suggests that dysregulation of miRNAs may promote disease progression and cancer pathogenesis. Virus-encoded miRNAs, exhibiting unique molecular signatures and functions, have been increasingly recognized as contributors to viral cancer pathogenesis. A large segment of the existing knowledge in this area has been generated through characterization of miRNAs encoded by the human gamma-herpesviruses, including the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Recent studies focusing on KSHV miRNAs have led to a better understanding of viral miRNA expression in human tumors, the identification of novel pathologic check points regulated by viral miRNAs, and new insights for viral miRNA interactions with cellular (“human”) miRNAs. Elucidating the functional effects of inhibiting KSHV miRNAs has also provided a foundation for further translational efforts and consideration of clinical applications. This paper summarizes recent literature outlining mechanisms for KSHV miRNA regulation of cellular function and cancer-associated pathogenesis, as well as implications for interactions between KSHV and human miRNAs that may facilitate cancer progression. Finally, insights are offered for the clinical feasibility of targeting miRNAs as a therapeutic approach for viral cancers.

scholarly journals An estimate of the total number of true human miRNAs

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 3353-3364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Alles ◽  
Tobias Fehlmann ◽  
Ulrike Fischer ◽  
Christina Backes ◽  
Valentina Galata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Mirnas

scholarly journals MicroRNA-143 Regulates Adipocyte Differentiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 279 (50) ◽  
pp. 52361-52365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Esau ◽  
Xiaolin Kang ◽  
Eigen Peralta ◽  
Elaine Hanson ◽  
Eric G. Marcusson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Functional Assay ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Mirna Microarray ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Human Mirnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed 20-24 nucleotide RNAs thought to repress protein translation through binding to a target mRNA (1-3). Only a few of the more than 250 predicted human miRNAs have been assigned any biological function. In an effort to uncover miRNAs important during adipocyte differentiation, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting 86 human miRNAs were transfected into cultured human pre-adipocytes, and their ability to modulate adipocyte differentiation was evaluated. Expression of 254 miRNAs in differentiating adipocytes was also examined on a miRNA microarray. Here we report that the combination of expression data and functional assay results identified a role for miR-143 in adipocyte differentiation. miR-143 levels increased in differentiating adipocytes, and inhibition of miR-143 effectively inhibited adipocyte differentiation. In addition, protein levels of the proposed miR-143 target ERK5 (4) were higher in ASO-treated adipocytes. These results demonstrate that miR-143 is involved in adipocyte differentiation and may act through target gene ERK5.

scholarly journals Novel Dysregulated MicroRNAs in Primary Laryngeal Squamous Cell Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josena K Stephen ◽  
Kang Mei Chen ◽  
Veena Shah ◽  
Vanessa G Schweitzer ◽  
Glendon Gardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell Cancer ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Human Mirnas ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs of 17 to 25 nucleotides that regulate approximately 30% of human genes. They are differentially expressed in various types of cancers compared with noncancerous tissues, suggesting that they may have crucial roles in tumorigenesis. The objective of this study was to identify laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC)-specific miRNAs. Materials and methods A retrospective cohort of 10 LSCC and five normal laryngeal squamous epithelium samples were examined using a global miRNA profiling approach (HTG, Tucson, AZ, USA, 800 human miRNAs plus 10 endogenous control miRNAs). The expression status of selected dysregulated miRNAs that were significantly different from normal were verified by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results Twenty-three of the 800 human miRNAs had significantly different expression levels (p < 0.05) between LSCC and normal tissues. Fifteen of the 23 have not been previously reported in HNSCC and include: miR-663b, miR-663, miR-193b, miR-1291, miR-720, miR-191, miR-1224-3p, miR-214, miR- 1285, miR-1207-5p, miR-483-5p, miR-1225-3p, miR-1228, miR-1280 and miR-638. Consistently upregulated miR-31 and miR- 193b and differentially expressed miR-663b in LSCC were verified by qPCR. Conclusion The 15 novel miRNAs identified in this exploratory study, pending further confirmation and validation, may have clinical utility as LSCC-specific markers. How to cite this article Chen KM, Stephen JK, Havard S Shah V, Gardner G, Schweitzer VG, Worsham MJ. Novel Dysregulated MicroRNAs in Primary Laryngeal Squamous Cell Cancer. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):76-81.

Functional Screening Identifies Human miRNAs that Modulate Adenovirus Propagation in Prostate Cancer Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 766-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Hodzic ◽  
Daoud Sie ◽  
Annaleen Vermeulen ◽  
Victor W. van Beusechem
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Mirnas

scholarly journals Locking-to-unlocking system is an efficient strategy to design DNA/silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) probe for human miRNAs

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. e57-e57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Shah ◽  
Suk Won Choi ◽  
Ho-jin Kim ◽  
Seok Keun Cho ◽  
Yong-Joo Bhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoclusters ◽  
Efficient Strategy ◽  
Human Mirnas

scholarly journals Analysis of Human miRNAs, Gene Targets and Diseases Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Kwan-Yau Cheung ◽  
Kin-Hong Lee ◽  
Kwong-Sak Leung
Keyword(s):  
Human Mirnas

scholarly journals Computational analysis of microRNA-mediated interactions in SARS-CoV-2 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müşerref Duygu Saçar Demirci ◽  
Aysun Adan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Antiviral Defense ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Human Mirnas ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Gene Function Analysis

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that have been found in more than 200 diverse organisms. Although it is still not fully established if RNA viruses could generate miRNAs that would target their own genes or alter the host gene expression, there are examples of miRNAs functioning as an antiviral defense mechanism. In the case of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there are several mechanisms that would make miRNAs impact the virus, like interfering with replication, translation and even modulating the host expression. In this study, we performed a machine learning based miRNA prediction analysis for the SARS-CoV-2 genome to identify miRNA-like hairpins and searched for potential miRNA – based interactions between the viral miRNAs and human genes and human miRNAs and viral genes. Our PANTHER gene function analysis results indicate that viral derived miRNA candidates could target various human genes involved in crucial cellular processes including transcription. For instance, a transcriptional regulator, STAT1 and transcription machinery might be targeted by virus-derived miRNAs. In addition, many known human miRNAs appear to be able to target viral genes. Considering the fact that miRNA-based therapies have been successful before, comprehending mode of actions of miRNAs and their possible roles during SARS-CoV-2 infections could create new opportunities for the development and improvement of new therapeutics.

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