scholarly journals Attentional bias toward negative and positive pictorial stimuli and its relationship with distorted cognitions, empathy, and moral reasoning among men with intellectual disabilities who have committed crimes

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Susan A. Sadek ◽  
Matthew R. Daniel ◽  
Peter E. Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Pictorial Stimuli ◽  
Distorted Cognitions

scholarly journals Relationships Among Moral Reasoning, Empathy, and Distorted Cognitions in Men With Intellectual Disabilities and a History of Criminal Offending

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 438-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E Langdon ◽  
Glynis H Murphy ◽  
Isabel C. H Clare ◽  
Tom Steverson ◽  
Emma J Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Developmentally Delayed ◽  
Criminal Offenders ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Distorted Cognitions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Eighty men, spread equally across 4 groups, were recruited, including men with and without intellectual disabilities. The men were either criminal offenders or nonoffenders. Participants completed measures of moral reasoning, empathy, and distorted cognitions. The results indicated that the moral reasoning abilities of offenders with intellectual disabilities were developmentally delayed but were still more mature than those of nonoffenders with intellectual disabilities. Offenders without intellectual disabilities had less mature moral reasoning abilities than nonoffenders without intellectual disabilities. The differences may be partially accounted for by intellectual ability. The results also indicated that the relationship between empathy and distorted cognitions was mediated by moral reasoning. The findings have implications for the use of psychological interventions with offenders with intellectual disabilities.

Attentional Bias in Insomnia: The Dot-Probe Task with Pictorial Stimuli Depicting Daytime Fatigue/Malaise

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Jansson-Fröjmark ◽  
Mikael Bermås ◽  
Andreas Kjellén
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Dot Probe ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Pictorial Stimuli

Moral reasoning is the process of asking moral questions and answering them

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Alfano
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
Path Dependent Process ◽  
Moral Questions

Abstract Reasoning is the iterative, path-dependent process of asking questions and answering them. Moral reasoning is a species of such reasoning, so it is a matter of asking and answering moral questions, which requires both creativity and curiosity. As such, interventions and practices that help people ask more and better moral questions promise to improve moral reasoning.

Attentional Bias Among Adolescents Who Stutter: Evidence for a Vigilance–Avoidance Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 3349-3363
Author(s):  
Naomi H. Rodgers ◽  
Jennifer Y. F. Lau ◽  
Patricia M. Zebrowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
High Social Anxiety

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine group and individual differences in attentional bias toward and away from socially threatening facial stimuli among adolescents who stutter and age- and sex-matched typically fluent controls. Method Participants included 86 adolescents (43 stuttering, 43 controls) ranging in age from 13 to 19 years. They completed a computerized dot-probe task, which was modified to allow for separate measurement of attentional engagement with and attentional disengagement from facial stimuli (angry, fearful, neutral expressions). Their response time on this task was the dependent variable. Participants also completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and provided a speech sample for analysis of stuttering-like behaviors. Results The adolescents who stutter were more likely to engage quickly with threatening faces than to maintain attention on neutral faces, and they were also more likely to disengage quickly from threatening faces than to maintain attention on those faces. The typically fluent controls did not show any attentional preference for the threatening faces over the neutral faces in either the engagement or disengagement conditions. The two groups demonstrated equivalent levels of social anxiety that were both, on average, very close to the clinical cutoff score for high social anxiety, although degree of social anxiety did not influence performance in either condition. Stuttering severity did not influence performance among the adolescents who stutter. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence for a vigilance–avoidance pattern of attentional allocation to threatening social stimuli among adolescents who stutter.

Aging in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Tracy Lazenby-Paterson ◽  
Hannah Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Swallowing Disorders ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

The literature recognizes the important role of the Speech and Language Pathologist (SLP) in the treatment of communication and swallowing disorders in children with Intellectual Disabilities (ID). However there is also a need to emphasize the importance of specialist SLP input across the lifespan of people with ID, and to recognize the specific, ongoing and changing communication and swallowing needs of adults with ID as they get older.

Upgrading Moral Reasoning

1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1000-1000
Author(s):  
WILLIAM J. WINSLADE
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning

In a Higher Voice: Postformal Operational Thought and Postconventional Moral Reasoning

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 695-696
Author(s):  
John Snarey ◽  
Steven M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document