Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Polymer Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells - Overview

2014 ◽  
pp. 271-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhong Jiang ◽  
Deryn Chu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Exchange Membrane

scholarly journals STEADY-STATE MODELLING OF PEM FUEL CELLS USING GRADIENT-BASED OPTIMIZER

10.6036/10099 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol DYNA-ACELERADO (0) ◽  
pp. [ 8 pp.]-[ 8 pp.]
Author(s):  
SALAH KAMAL ◽  
ATTIA EL-FERGANY ◽  
EHAB EHAB ELSAYED ELATTAR ◽  
AHMED AGWA
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Uncertain Parameters ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The accuracy of fuel cell (FC) models is important for the further numerical simulations and analysis at several conditions. The electrical (I-V) characteristic of the polymer exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has high degree of nonlinearity comprising uncertain seven parameters as they aren’t given in fabricator's datasheets. These seven parameters need to be obtained to have the PEMFC model in order. This research addresses an up-to-date application of the gradient-based optimizer (GBO) to generate the best estimated values of such uncertain parameters. The estimation of these uncertain parameters is adapted as optimization problem having a cost function (CF) subjects to set of self-constrained limits. Three test cases of widely used PEMFCs units; namely, SR-12, 250-W module and NedStack PS6 to appraise the performance of the GBO are demonstrated and analyzed. The best values of the CF are 0.000142, 0.33598, and 2.10025 V2 for SR-12, 250-W module and NedStack PS6; respectively. Furthermore, the assessment of the GBO-based model is made by comparing its obtained results with the experiential results of these typical PEMFCs plus comparisons to other methods. At a due stage, many scenarios as a result of operating variations in regard to inlet regulation pressures and unit temperatures are performed. The copped reported results of the studied scenarios indicate the effectiveness of the GBO in establishing an accurate PEMFC model.

Synergien zwischen Batterie- und Brennstoffzellen/Synergies between battery and fuel cells - Evaluation based on structural and machine parameters in production processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 735-741
Author(s):  
Jens Schäfer ◽  
Hannes Wilhelm Weinmann ◽  
Dominik Mayer ◽  
Tobias Storz ◽  
Janna Hofmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Nach Ankündigung diverser batterieelektrischer Modelle wird auch die PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane)-Brennstoffzelle als mögliche Zukunftstechnologie im Last- und Linienverkehr diskutiert. Ob und wann sich eine Technologie durchsetzt, hängt von der verwendeten Produktionstechnik ab, denn diese bestimmt Stückzahlen und resultierende Kosten. Die Vergangenheit zeigt, dass sich produzierende Industrien oft entlang vorhandener Kompetenzen in etablierten Bereichen entwickelt haben. In diesem Beitrag sollen daher Synergiepotenziale zwischen der Batterie- und Brennstoffzellenfertigung diskutiert werden.   Following the announcement of various battery electric models, PEM fuel cells are also discussed as a future technology in truck and line traffic. Whether and when a technology will be generally accepted depends largely on the production technology used, as this determines the number of units and the resulting costs. The past has shown that manufacturing industries have often developed along existing competencies in established areas. This article will therefore discuss the potential synergies between battery and fuel cell production.

Carbon-based materials for bipolar plates for low-temperatures PEM fuel cells — A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 1930001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Wlodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Diffusion Layers ◽  
Hydrogen Technology ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The PEMFC (Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) is one of the most researched generators in hydrogen technology. The PEMFCs offer low emissions, several applications in industry with high power density. The basic material for the construction of components in low-temperature fuel cells is carbon or its allotropic forms and carbon nanomaterials. Carbon materials are used to build diffusion layers of electrodes, as catalyst carriers, for the construction of covers/interconnectors and as fuel. In this work, the carbon materials used to build a single cell have been reviewed taking into account various methods of fabrication and modification of materials.

Influence of the rated power in the performance of different proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells

Energy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1898-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.I. San Martin ◽  
I. Zamora ◽  
J.J. San Martin ◽  
V. Aperribay ◽  
E. Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Oxidised Carbon Nanofibers as Platinum Support for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Moliner ◽  
M. J. Lázaro ◽  
L. Calvillo ◽  
D. Sebastián ◽  
Y. Echegoyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Component Failure Analysis From the U.S. Army ERDC-CERL Residential Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Demonstration

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Kenner ◽  
Nicholas M. Josefik ◽  
Scott M. Lux ◽  
James L. Knight ◽  
Melissa K. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
The U.S

Background: The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) continues to manage The Department of Defense (DoD) Residential Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Demonstration Project. This project was funded by the United States Congress for fiscal years 2001 through 2004. A fleet of 91 residential-scale PEM fuel cells, ranging in size from 1 to 5 kW, has been demonstrated at various U.S. DoD facilities around the world. Approach: The performance of the fuel cells has been monitored over a 12-month field demonstration period. A detailed analysis has been performed cataloging the component failures, investigating the mean time of the failures, and the mean time between failures. A discussion of the lifespan and failure modes of selected fuel cell components, based on component type, age, and usage will be provided. This analysis also addresses fuel cell stack life for both primary and back-up power systems. Several fuels were used throughout the demonstration, including natural gas, propane, and hydrogen. A distinction will be made on any variances in performance based on the input fuel stock. Summary: This analysis will provide an overview of the ERDC-CERL PEM demonstration fuel cell applications and the corresponding data from the field demonstrations. Special emphasis will be placed on the components, fuel cell stack life, and input fuel characteristics of the systems demonstrated.

Alloys that form conductive and passivating oxides for proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1723-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Aukland ◽  
Abdellah Boudina ◽  
David S. Eddy ◽  
Joseph V. Mantese ◽  
Margarita P. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Exchange Membrane

During the operation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, a high-resistance oxide is often formed on the cathode surface of base metal bipolar plates. Over time, this corrosion mechanism leads to a drop in fuel cell efficiency and potentially to complete failure. To address this problem, we have developed alloys capable of forming oxides that are both conductive and chemically stable under PEM fuel cell operating conditions. Five alloys of titanium with tantalum or niobium were investigated. The oxides were formed on the alloys by cyclic voltammetry in solutions mimicking the cathode- and anode-side environment of a PEM fuel cell. The oxides of all tested alloys had lower surface resistance than the oxide of pure titanium. We also investigated the chemical durability of Ti–Nb and Ti–Ta alloys in more concentrated solutions beyond those typically found in PEM fuel cells. The oxide films formed on Ti–Nb and Ti–Ta alloys remained conductive and chemically stable in these concentrated solutions. The stability of the oxide films was evaluated; Ti alloys having 3% Ta and Nb were identified as potential candidates for bipolar plate materials.

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