Selective Microbial Oxidations in Industry: Oxidations of Alkanes, Fatty Acids, Heterocyclic Compounds, Aromatic Compounds and Glycerol Using Native or Recombinant Microorganisms

2007 ◽  
pp. 193-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albrecht Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Recombinant Microorganisms

scholarly journals Chemical Profiles of Cultivated Agarwood Induced by Different Techniques

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Yan ◽  
Sheng Yang ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Gaiyun Li
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Aquilaria Sinensis ◽  
Chemical Inducers ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Agarwood is the resinous wood produced in some Aquilaria species and is highly valued for wide usages in medicine, incense, and perfume. To protect the threatened Aquilaria species, the cultivation of Aquilaria sinensis and artificial agarwood induction techniques have been effectively established in China. To evaluate the quality of agarwood induced by different techniques, patterns of chemical constituents in artificial agarwood by four methods (wounding using an axe, burning-chisel-drilling, chemical inducer, and biological inoculation) were analyzed and compared by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-EI-MS in this study. Results of GC-MS gave a panorama of chemical constituents in agarwood, including aromatic compounds, steroids, fatty acids, sesquiterpenoids, and 2-(2-phenlyethyl)-chromones (PECs). Sesquiterpenoids were dominant in agarwood induced by wounding using an axe. PEC comprised over 60% of components in agarwood produced by biological inoculation and chemical inducers. PECs were identified by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in all artificial agarwood and the relative contents varied in different groups. Tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)-chromones (THPECs) in wounding by axes induced agarwood were lower while 2-(2-phenylethyl)-chromones (FPECs) were higher than other groups. The results showed that methods used for inducing agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis affect the chemical constituents of agarwood.

Chemical Investigation of the Lichen Species Alectoria ochroleuca, Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. pulvinatum and Icmadophila ericetorum

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yngve Solberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Chemical Investigation ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Higher Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Triglyceride

Abstract Lichens, Lipids, Phenols The three lichen species Alectoria ochroleuca, Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. pulvinatum and Icmadophila ericetorum have been chemically investigated with regard to their content of aliphatic and aromatic compounds. Tetrahydroxy fatty acids were isolated in all three species. A mono-acetylated pentol, higher fatty acids and an unsaturated triglyceride were detected as new con­ stituents of A. ochroleuca and I. ericetorum. S. vesuvianum and I. ericetorum both contained phenolic components which not previously have been discussed in literature. Chemical and spectro­ scopic evidences are presented in these studies.

scholarly journals The soluble methane mono-oxygenase of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). Its ability to oxygenate n-alkanes, n-alkenes, ethers, and alicyclic, aromatic and heterocyclic compounds

1977 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Colby ◽  
D I Stirling ◽  
H Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Methylococcus Capsulatus ◽  
Methylosinus Trichosporium ◽  
Styrene Epoxide ◽  
Cyclic Alkanes ◽  
Methylomonas Albus ◽  
Terminal Oxidation ◽  
Methylomonas Methanica

1. Methane mono-oxygenase of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) catalyses the oxidation of various substituted methane derivatives including methanol. 2. It is a very non-specific oxygenase and, in some of its catalytic properties, apparently resembles the analogous enzyme from Methylomonas methanica but differs from those found in Methylosinus trichosporium and Methylomonas albus. 3. CO is oxidized to CO2. 4. C1-C8 n-alkanes are hydroxylated, yielding mixtures of the corresponding 1- and 2-alcohols; no 3- or 4-alcohols are formed. 5. Terminal alkenes yield the corresponding 1,2-epoxides. cis- or trans-but-2-ene are each oxidized to a mixture of 2,3-epoxybutane and but-2-en-1-ol with retention of the cis or trans configuration in both products; 2-butanone is also formed from cis-but-2-ene only. 6. Dimethyl ether is oxidized. Diethyl ether undergoes sub-terminal oxidation, yielding ethanol and ethanal in equimolar amounts. 7. Methane mono-oxygenase also hydroxylates cyclic alkanes and aromatic compounds. However, styrene yields only styrene epoxide and pyridine yields only pyridine N-oxide. 8. Of those compounds tested, only NADPH can replace NADH as electron donor.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Isocoumarins and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons for Photoactive Materials

INEOS OPEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Arsenov ◽  
◽  
D. A. Loginov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Selective Activation ◽  
New Era ◽  
Aromatic Carbon ◽  
Ch Activation ◽  
Photoactive Materials ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

The discovery of transition metal-catalyzed selective activation of aromatic carbon–hydrogen bonds in 1993 has opened a new era in the synthesis of carbo- and heterocyclic compounds. This review covers the applications of oxidative annulations of aromatic compounds with alkynes involving CH activation for the synthesis of isocoumarins and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The limitations, advantages, and mechanical aspects of this approach as well as the current tendencies in the application of the reaction products for photoactive materials are discussed.

ÉTARD REACTION: II. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC AND HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen H. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Chromyl Chloride ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic compounds can, in a number of cases, be oxidized with chromyl chloride, whereas heterocyclic compounds are unaffected.

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FORMED BY THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE XIDATION OF SOILS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. GRIFFITH ◽  
M. SCHNITZER
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Phenolic Extraction ◽  
Soil Constituents

Two samples taken from tropical volcanic surface soils and one sample from a Canadian Podzol subsurface soil were oxidized with H2O2 under conditions usually employed for the removal of organic matter from soils prior to mineralogical analyses. Between 65 and 82% of the C but only between 23 and 36% of the N in the initial organic matter in the three soils was oxidized to volatile and water-soluble products. Among the latter, small amounts of about 40 different aliphatic and aromatic compounds were identified, most of which were phenolic. Extraction with organic solvents removed n-alkanes and n-fatty acids from H2O2-resistant organic matter, but most of the latter consisted of humic substances strongly bonded to or absorbed on inorganic soil constituents. H2O2-resistant fractions accounted in the case of two soils, initially rich in organic matter, for 12.0 and 7.5% of the air-dry weights of peroxidized soils. The presence of such substantial amounts of H2O2-resistant organic matter may interfere with the dispersion and mineralogical analysis of peroxidized soils, especially those with high initial organic matter contents.

GC-MS Analyzing of Coal Tar of Lignite Briquette from Low Temperature Pyrolysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tao Cui ◽  
Yong Fa Zhang ◽  
Dong Liu Dong ◽  
Yu Qiong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Aliphatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis ◽  
Content Of Oxygen

Distillation and GC-MS were employed to analysis the coal tar of low-temperature pyrolysis of lignite briquette by contrasting with standards: the fraction below 340°C in the tar distillates of brown coal tar accounted for 83.30% and the other greater than 340°C is pitch accounted for 16.32%. 34.00% of coal tar are hydrocarbons which are mainly consisted of fat aliphatic hydrocarbon and include few alkene and cycloparaffins. The content of phenolic compounds in coal tar, mainly comes from the fraction below 210°C, is 11.68%. 16.86% of coal tar is aromatic compounds which are mainly composed of substitutive derivative of polyalkylbenzene distributing in all kinds of fractions; and a small amount of aromatic compounds which is concentrated in the fraction below 300°C. The content of oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing and heterocyclic compounds is 4.47%, 0.57%, 2.11%, respectively.

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