Centralized or Decentralized Breeding: The Potentials of Participatory Approaches for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture

2011 ◽  
pp. 99-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Desclaux ◽  
Salvatore Ceccarelli ◽  
John Navazio ◽  
Micaela Coley ◽  
Gilles Trouche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Low Input

scholarly journals Supporting Innovation in Organic Agriculture: A European Perspective Using Experience from the SOLID Project

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Padel ◽  
Mette Vaarst ◽  
Konstantinos Zaralis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Stakeholder Interaction ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Context Knowledge ◽  
Systems Framework ◽  
Innovation Processes

<p>Organic farming is recognized as one source for innovation helping agriculture to develop sustainably. However, the understanding of innovation in agriculture is characterized by technical optimism, relying mainly on new inputs and technologies originating from research. The paper uses the alternative framework of innovation systems describing innovation as the outcome of stakeholder interaction and examples from the SOLID (Sustainable Organic Low-Input Dairying) project to discuss the role of farmers, researchers and knowledge exchange for innovation. We used a farmer-led participatory approach to identify problems of organic and low-input dairy farming in Europe and develop and evaluate innovative practices. Experience so far shows that improvements of sustainability can be made through better exploitation of knowledge. For example, it is recognized that optimal utilization of good quality forage is vitally important, but farmers showed a lack of confidence in the reliability of forage production both in quantity and quality. We conclude that the systems framework improves the understanding of innovation processes in organic agriculture. Farmer-led research is an effective way to bring together the scientific approach with the farmers’ practical and context knowledge in finding solutions to problems experienced by farmers and to develop sustainability.</p>

Competitive ability of wheat in conventional and organic management systems: A review of the literature

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Mason ◽  
D. Spaner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Low Input

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the world’s most widely grown crop, cultivated in over 115 nations. Organic agriculture, a production system based on reducing external inputs in order to promote ecosystem health, can be defined as a system that prohibits the use of synthetic fertilizers, chemical pesticides and genetically modified organisms. Organic agriculture is increasing in popularity, with a 60% increase in the global acreage of organically managed land from the year 2000 to 2004. Constraints that may be associated with organic grain production include reduced yields due to soil nutrient deficiencies and competition from weeds. Global wheat breeding efforts over the past 50 yr have concentrated on improving yield and quality parameters; in Canada, disease resistance and grain quality have been major foci. Wheat varieties selected before the advent of chemical fertilizers and pesticides may perform differently in organic, low-input management systems than in conventional, high-input systems. Height, early-season growth, tillering capacity, and leaf area are plant traits that may confer competitive ability in wheat grown in organic systems. Wheat root characteristics may also affect competitive ability, especially in low-input systems, and more research in this area is needed. The identification of a competitive crop ideotype may assist wheat breeders inthe development of competitive wheat varieties. Wheat varieties with superior performance in low-input systems, and/or increased competitive ability against weeds, could assist organic producers in overcoming some of the constraints associated with organic wheat production. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat breeding, low-input agriculture, plant height, early-season growth, tillering capacity, leaf area index

Decentralized selection and participatory approaches in plant breeding for low-input systems

Euphytica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Dawson ◽  
Kevin M. Murphy ◽  
Stephen S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Low Input

Onions: Breeding Onions for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture

2011 ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga E. Scholten ◽  
Thomas W. Kuyper
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Low Input

Organic Consumer Behavior- Special reference to cereal /cereal products in the southern part of Tamilnadu.

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-767
Author(s):  
J. ELANCHEZHIAN ◽  
Dr. K. KALAICHELVI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government

Consumers’ interest in organic products is increasing globally. As IFOAM 2016 report, only 1.2 % of the land has been utilized in organic agriculture method. The overall organic market has achieved 89.7 billion $ in 2016 in that, & 48.4 a billion in sales accounted for the USA and German alone. Total registered organic producer in the worldwide is 2.7 million in that India is the leading country which has 835,200 organic producers. But many of them are a small farmer, and they had shared 1.49 million hectares only. The Government of India (GOI) and the state governments have taken several steps to improve the regulatory mechanism and frame several schemes to incentivize organic farming. 2017 December, Food Standards and Safety Authority of India (FSSAI) have recognized both the certification systems (NPOP and PGS-India) valid for organic food products. From these steps, GOI has tried to create confidence in the organic products, so that, domestic consumers and export countries can trust Indian organic products. But still, the organic sector in India suffered from some unique characteristic that is the absence of proper branding, package, consumer awareness, purchasing power, and supply chain issues (Agarwal, 2018).

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