The Multiple Roles of Various Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Photosynthetic Organisms

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz-Josef Schmitt ◽  
Vladimir D. Kreslavski ◽  
Sergey K. Zharmukhamedov ◽  
Thomas Friedrich ◽  
Gernot Renger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms

Oxidant signalling in carcinogenesis: a commentary

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Deshpande ◽  
K Irani
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Tumor Promotion ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Apoptotic Signaling ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Growth Promoting

It is becoming increasingly evident that reactive oxygen species (ROS) act at different stages of carcinogenesis, and thus play multiple roles in oncogenesis. In addition to being mutagenic and initiating tumors, ROS or carcinogens that result in ROS generation may affect tumor promotion and progression through varied effects on growth promoting, growth inhibitory, or apoptotic signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Lycopene cyclase paralog CruP protects against reactive oxygen species in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (27) ◽  
pp. E1888-E1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. T. Bradbury ◽  
M. Shumskaya ◽  
O. Tzfadia ◽  
S.-B. Wu ◽  
E. J. Kennelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Lycopene Cyclase

scholarly journals Molecular genetics of xanthophyll–dependent photoprotection in green algae and plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1402) ◽  
pp. 1385-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Baroli ◽  
Krishna K. Niyogi
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Light ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Oxygenic Photosynthesis ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Extragenic Suppressors

The involvement of excited and highly reactive intermediates in oxygenic photosynthesis inevitably results in the generation of reactive oxygen species. To protect the photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative damage, xanthophyll pigments are involved in the quenching of excited chlorophyll and reactive oxygen species, namely 1 Chl*, 3 Chl*, and 1 1O 2 *. Quenching of 1 Chl* results in harmless dissipation of excitation energy as heat and is measured as non–photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence. The multiple roles of xanthophylls in photoprotection are being addressed by characterizing mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Arabidopsis thaliana . Analysis of Arabidopsis mutants that are defective in 1 Chl* quenching has shown that, in addition to specific xanthophylls, the psbS gene is necessary for NPQ. Double mutants of Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis that are deficient in zeaxanthin, lutein and NPQ undergo photo–oxidative bleaching in high light. Extragenic suppressors of the Chlamydomonas npq1 lor1 double mutant identify new mutations that restore varying levels of zeaxanthin accumulation and allow survival in high light.

Mitochondria as a source of reactive oxygen species

2009 ◽  
pp. c3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena M. Cochemé ◽  
Michael P. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascan Warnholtz ◽  
Maria Wendt ◽  
Michael August ◽  
Thomas Münzel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

Fas ligand expression in rat kupffer cells in response to lipopolysaccharide is mediated by reactive oxygen species

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A361-A361
Author(s):  
K UCHIKURA ◽  
T WADA ◽  
Z SUN ◽  
S HOSHINO ◽  
G BULKLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ligand Expression
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