New Horizons in Modeling and Simulation for Social Epidemiology and Public Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Social Epidemiology ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Epidemiology And Public Health

scholarly journals Systemic Materialist Realist Ontology, Epistemology, Semantics, Axiology and Ethics: Why Pearl’s counterfactuals and Pawson’s methods are insufficient for causation in Social Epidemiology and Public Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Muntaner ◽  
James R Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Epidemiology ◽  
Potential Outcomes ◽  
Social Inequalities In Health ◽  
Scientific Realist ◽  
Inference Methods ◽  
Realist Ontology ◽  
Realist Perspective ◽  
Epidemiology And Public Health

We evaluate counterfactual empiricism, the dominant philosophy of science in contemporary epidemiology and public health from a scientific realist perspective. Building on our earlier work, we critique the dominant counterfactual/potential outcomes epistemology in epidemiology and public health, based on its neglect of ontology and exclusion of causal mechanisms which are confused with statistical inference methods (e.g., mediation). We argue that a realist systemic materialist ontology of levels , scientific realist epistemology, and realist semantics, axiology and ethics could constitute a best philosophical system for the disciplines of social epidemiology and public health, and their social inequalities in health subdivisions

scholarly journals Leveraging Local Expertise in Stewardship, Hospital Epidemiology and Public Health to Enrich Postgraduate Training in NYC

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s311-s312
Author(s):  
Kelsie Cowman ◽  
Belinda Ostrowsky ◽  
Susan Seo ◽  
Victor Chen ◽  
Rachel Bartash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Postgraduate Training ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Hospital Epidemiology ◽  
Full Day ◽  
Epidemiology And Public Health

Background: New York City is a gateway for emerging pathogens and global threats. In 2013, faculty from Montefiore Medical Center and Memorial Sloan Kettering developed a free half-day workshop for postgraduate trainees in antimicrobial stewardship (AS), infection prevention (IP), hospital epidemiology, and public health. This annual workshop, sponsored by the Infectious Diseases Society of New York (IDSNY), incorporates case studies and expert panel discussions on timely topics such as Ebola, Candida auris, Clostridiodes difficile, measles, nosocomial influenza, drug shortages, and AS/IP “big data.” Methods: From 2013 through 2017, the workshop involved 10–15 interactive AS/IP cases with audience response questions and panel discussions. In 2018–2019, based on feedback, the format was revised to emphasize breakout sessions in which participants actively practiced AS/IP tools, (eg, medication utilization evaluations, epidemiologic curves, and performance improvement devices). Examples of 2018–2019 cases are shown in Figure 1. A pre- and postseminar paper survey was conducted yearly to understand baseline training in AS/IP, desire for future AS/IP careers, and self-reported effectiveness of the workshop. Results: Initially, the primary audience was NYC ID fellows. From 2018 onward, we opened enrollment to pharmacy residents. Approximately 45 NYC ID fellows were eligible for the course each year. Results from 2013 to 2016 surveys were reported previously (Fig. 2). There were 32 attendees in 2018, 42 in 2019. The survey response rate was 88% in 2018 and 95% in 2019, with 68 (92%) total participants. Most participants had received previous training in IP (82%) and AS (94%) (Fig. 3). Most participants reported that the program was a good supplement to their ID training (98%) and that case studies were an effective means of learning IP (100%) and AS (98%). Furthermore, 92% stated they would like additional AS/IP training, and many since 2013 have requested a full-day course. Self-reported interest in future involvement in AS/IP increased after the workshop: IP, 68%–83% (P =.04) and AS, 88%–91% (P = .61). Conclusions: Most trainees reported satisfaction with the workshop and case-study learning method; interest in future AS/IP careers increased after the seminar. We intend to explore Funding: to expand to a full-day program for all NYC postgraduate trainees and AS/IP junior faculty. As such, we hope to obtain the endorsement of professional societies such as SHEA. This workshop could address a crucial educational gap in AS/IP postgraduate training and help sustain our future workforce.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Enterically Transmitted Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Associated with an Outbreak in Dhaka: Epidemiology and Public Health Implications

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Gary Hlady ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
M A Wahab ◽  
Steven D Johnson ◽  
Anis Waiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Nanb Hepatitis ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Epidemiology And Public Health ◽  
Blocking Assay

Investigation of an outbreak of hepatitis in Dhaka implicated enterically transmitted non-A, non-B (ET-NANB) hepatitis as the etiologic agent. This observation was made by exclusion in 17 of 19 patients, and confirmed serologically in one randomly selected patient by a fluorescent antibody blocking assay specific for ET-NANB hepatitis. These findings reinforce earlier suspicions that ET-NANB may be an important cause of acute hepatitis in Bangladesh. The epidemiology of ET-NANB hepatitis is discussed, and public health recommendations are made.

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